Miscellaneous erythropoiesis agents are those agents that cause an increase in the production of red blood cells from the bone marrow, but which don’t belong to a specific class of medicine.
What is Erythropoiesis?
Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells are formed. In a fetus, erythropoiesis initially takes place in the yolk sac, spleen, and liver. After birth, all erythropoiesis takes place in the bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a decrease in O₂ in the circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which respond by secreting the hormone erythropoietin.
How do Miscellaneous Erythropoiesis Agents Work?
Miscellaneous erythropoiesis agents each differ in the way that they work, for example, luspatercept reduces a specific type of cell signaling, called Smad2/3 which means that an increase is seen in the differentiation and proliferation of red blood cell precursors. This results in an increase in hemoglobin levels within 7 days of luspatercept initiation.
What are Miscellaneous Erythropoiesis Agents Used for?
Use depends on the actual agent used but may include:
- Beta-thalassemia, a disorder in which the body does not produce enough hemoglobin (luspatercept [Reblozyl]).
What are the Side Effects of Miscellaneous Erythropoiesis Agents?
Side effects vary depending on the erythropoiesis agent but may include:
- Abdominal Pain
- Blood clots and thromboembolic events
- Changes in liver function tests
- Cough
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Hyperuricemia
- Increased blood pressure
- Muscle or bone pain.
