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Adrenergic reuptake inhibitors work by preventing the reuptake of the adrenergic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, which increases the amount of norepinephrine available in the nerve synapse (the space between two nerves). This can improve focus and attention.

Primary adrenergic reuptake inhibitors may be preferred in children or adults who also have anxiety or other conditions such as bipolar disorder, Tourette syndrome, or substance misuse disorders because ADHD treatments with a stimulant effect can increase symptoms such as anxiety, aggression, mania, suicidal ideation, or tics.

Some adrenergic reuptake inhibitors work in multiple ways, in addition to preventing the re-uptake of norepinephrine, and may have stimulant properties.