Drug Detail:Sandostatin (Octreotide injection [ ok-tree-oh-tide ])
Generic Name: OCTREOTIDE ACETATE 50ug in 1mL
Dosage Form: injection, solution
Drug Class: Somatostatin and somatostatin analogs
Sandostatin® (octreotide acetate) Injection may be administered subcutaneously or intravenously. Subcutaneous injection is the usual route of administration of Sandostatin for control of symptoms. Pain with subcutaneous administration may be reduced by using the smallest volume that will deliver the desired dose. Multiple subcutaneous injections at the same site within short periods of time should be avoided. Sites should be rotated in a systematic manner.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not use if particulates and/or discoloration are observed. Proper sterile technique should be used in the preparation of parenteral admixtures to minimize the possibility of microbial contamination. Sandostatin is not compatible in Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) solutions because of the formation of a glycosyl octreotide conjugate which may decrease the efficacy of the product.
Sandostatin is stable in sterile isotonic saline solutions or sterile solutions of dextrose 5% in water for 24 hours. It may be diluted in volumes of 50 to 200 mL and infused intravenously over 15 to 30 minutes or administered by IV push over 3 minutes. In emergency situations (e.g., carcinoid crisis), it may be given by rapid bolus.
The initial dosage is usually 50 mcg administered twice or 3 times daily. Upward dose titration is frequently required. Dosage information for patients with specific tumors follows.
Acromegaly
Dosage may be initiated at 50 mcg 3 times a day. Beginning with this low dose may permit adaptation to adverse gastrointestinal effects for patients who will require higher doses. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1; somatomedin C) levels every 2 weeks can be used to guide titration. Alternatively, multiple growth hormone (GH) levels at 0 to 8 hours after Sandostatin® (octreotide acetate) Injection administration permit more rapid titration of dose. The goal is to achieve GH levels less than 5 ng/mL or IGF-1 (somatomedin C) levels less than 1.9 unit/mL in males and less than 2.2 unit/mL in females. The dose most commonly found to be effective is 100 mcg 3 times a day, but some patients require up to 500 mcg 3 times a day for maximum effectiveness. Doses greater than 300 mcg/day seldom result in additional biochemical benefit, and if an increase in dose fails to provide additional benefit, the dose should be reduced. IGF-1 (somatomedin C) or GH levels should be reevaluated at 6-month intervals.
Sandostatin should be withdrawn yearly for approximately 4 weeks from patients who have received irradiation to assess disease activity. If GH or IGF-1 (somatomedin C) levels increase and signs and symptoms recur, Sandostatin therapy may be resumed.
Carcinoid Tumors
The suggested daily dosage of Sandostatin during the first 2 weeks of therapy ranges from 100 to 600 mcg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses (mean daily dosage is 300 mcg). In the clinical studies, the median daily maintenance dosage was approximately 450 mcg, but clinical and biochemical benefits were obtained in some patients with as little as 50 mcg, while others required doses up to 1500 mcg/day. However, experience with doses above 750 mcg/day is limited.
VIPomas
Daily dosages of 200 to 300 mcg in 2-4 divided doses are recommended during the initial 2 weeks of therapy (range, 150 to 750 mcg) to control symptoms of the disease. On an individual basis, dosage may be adjusted to achieve a therapeutic response, but usually doses above 450 mcg/day are not required.
