This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit outweighs the risk.

AU TGA pregnancy category: B2
US FDA pregnancy category: C

Comments:
-This drug may be used for caesarean section, but reversal of its affects may be unsatisfactory in patients receiving magnesium sulfate for toxemia of pregnancy because magnesium salts enhance neuromuscular blockade. Dosage should usually be reduced in such cases.
-The interval between use of this drug and delivery should be reasonably short to avoid significant placental transfer.

Animal reproduction studies have not been performed. This drug is used in caesarean section.

AU TGA pregnancy category B2: Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human fetus having been observed. Studies in animals are inadequate or may be lacking, but available data show no evidence of an increased occurrence of fetal damage.

US FDA pregnancy category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

See references

The manufacturer makes no recommendation regarding use during lactation.

Excreted into human milk: Data not available
Excreted into animal milk: Data not available

Comments:
-No information is available on the use of this drug during breastfeeding. Because it is highly polar and poorly absorbed orally, it is not likely to reach breastmilk in high concentration or to reach the bloodstream of the infant.
-When a combination of anesthetics is used, follow the recommendations for the most problematic medication.

See references