IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution contains apraclonidine hydrochloride, an alpha adrenergic agonist, in a sterile isotonic solution
for topical application to the eye. Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a white to off‑white powder and is highly soluble in water. Its chemical name is 2-[(4‑amino-2,6 dichlorophenyl)imino] imidazolidine monohydrochloride with an empirical formula of C 9H 11Cl 3N 4 and a molecular weight of 281.6. The chemical structure of apraclonidine hydrochloride is:

Each mL of IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution contains:

Actives: apraclonidine hydrochloride 11.5 mg equivalent to apraclonidine base
10 mg.

Inactives: sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid (pH 4.4‑7.8), purified water and benzalkonium
chloride 0.01% (preservative). Osmolality is 260‑320 mOsm.

Apraclonidine is a relatively selective, alpha adrenergic agonist and does not have significant membrane stabilizing (local anesthetic) activity. When instilled into the eye, IOPIDINE 1% (apraclonidine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution) has the action of reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Ophthalmic apraclonidine has minimal effect on cardiovascular parameters.

Optic nerve head damage and visual field loss may result from an acute elevation in IOP that can occur after argon or Nd:YAG laser surgical procedures. Elevated IOP, whether acute or chronic in duration, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of visual field loss. The higher the peak or spike of IOP, the greater the likelihood of visual field loss and optic nerve damage especially in patients with previously compromised optic nerves. The onset of action with IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution can usually be noted within one hour and the maximum IOP reduction usually occurs three to five hours after application of a single dose. The precise mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution is not completely established at this time. Aqueous fluorophotometry studies in man suggest that its predominant action may be related to a reduction of aqueous formation. Controlled clinical studies of patients requiring argon laser trabeculoplasty, argon laser iridotomy or Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy showed that IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution controlled or prevented the post-surgical IOP rise typically observed in patients after undergoing those procedures. After surgery, the mean IOP was 1.2 to 4 mmHg below the corresponding pre-surgical baseline pressure before IOPIDINE Ophthalmic Solution treatment. With placebo treatment, post-surgical pressures were 2.5 to 8.4 mmHg higher than their corresponding pre-surgical baselines. Overall, only 2% of patients treated with IOPIDINE* 1% Ophthalmic Solution had severe IOP elevations (spike greater than or equal to 10 mmHg) during the first three hours after laser surgery, whereas 23% of placebo-treated patients responded with severe pressure spikes (Table 1). Of the patients that experienced a pressure spike after surgery, the peak IOP was above 30 mmHg in most patients (Table 2) and was above 50 mmHg in seven placebo-treated patients and one IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution-treated patient.

Table 1: Incidence of IOP Spikes Greater Than or Equal to 10 mmHg

aN = Number Spikes/Number Eyes.

Table 2: Magnitude of Post-surgical IOP in Trabeculoplasty, Iridotomy and Nd:YAG Capsulotomy Patients With Severe Pressure Spikes Greater than or Equal to 10 mmHg

Maximum Postsurgical IOP (mmHg)

IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution is indicated to control or prevent
post-surgical elevations in IOP that occur in patients after argon laser
trabeculoplasty, argon laser iridotomy or Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy.

IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution is contraindicated for patients
receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy and for patients with
hypersensitivity to any component of this medication or to clonidine.

FOR TOPICAL OPHTHALMIC USE ONLY. Not for injection or oral ingestion.

The following adverse events, occurring in less than 2% of patients, were
reported in association with the use of IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution
in laser surgery: ocular injection, upper lid elevation, irregular heart rate,
nasal decongestion, ocular inflammation, conjunctival blanching, and
mydriasis.
The following adverse events were observed in investigational studies
dosing IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution once or twice daily for up to
28 days in non‑laser studies:
Ocular
Conjunctival blanching, upper lid elevation, mydriasis, burning, discomfort,
foreign body sensation, dryness, itching, hypotony, blurred or dimmed
vision, allergic response, conjunctival microhemorrhage.

Gastrointestinal
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, emesis
Cardiovascular
Bradycardia, vasovagal attack, palpitations, orthostatic
episode
Central Nervous System
Insomnia, dream disturbances, irritability, decreased libido.
Other
Taste abnormalities, dry mouth, nasal burning or dryness,
headache, head cold sensation, chest heaviness or burning,
clammy or sweaty palms, body heat sensation, shortness
of breath, increased pharyngeal secretion, extremity pain
or numbness, fatigue, paresthesia, pruritus not associated
with rash.
Clinical Practice
The following events have been identified during postmarketing use
of IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution in clinical practice. Because they
are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates
of frequency cannot be made. The events, which have been chosen for
inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, possible
causal connection to IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution, or a combination
of these factors, include hypersensitivity.

Ingestion of IOPIDINE* 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution has been reported to
cause bradycardia, drowsiness, and hypothermia. Accidental or intentional
ingestion of oral clonidine has been reported to cause apnea, arrhythmias,
asthenia, bradycardia, conduction defects, diminished or absent reflexes,
dryness of the mouth, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoventilation,
irritability, lethargy, miosis, pallor, respiratory depression, sedation
or coma, seizure, somnolence, transient hypertension, and vomiting.
Treatment of an oral overdose includes supportive and symptomatic
therapy; a patent airway should be maintained. Hemodialysis is of limited
value since a maximum of 5% of circulating drug is removed.

One drop of IOPIDINE* 1% Ophthalmic Solution should be instilled in the
scheduled operative eye one hour before initiating anterior segment
laser surgery and a second drop should be instilled to the same eye
immediately upon completion of the laser surgical procedure. Use
a separate container for each single‑drop dose and discard each
container after use.

IOPIDINE 1% Ophthalmic Solution as base is a sterile, isotonic, aqueous
solution containing apraclonidine hydrochloride.
Supplied as follows: 0.1 mL in plastic ophthalmic dispensers, packaged
two per pouch. These dispensers are enclosed in a foil overwrap as an
added barrier to evaporation.
0.1 mL (packaged two per pouch) NDC 82667‑200-01

Storage: Store at 2°C to 25°C (36°F‑77°F).
Protect from light.

Manufactured for:
Harrow Eye, LLC™
Nashville, TN 37205 USA
Revised: February 2023

NDC 82667-200-01

IOPIDINE®
(apraclonide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution)

1% as base
Sterile
CONTENTS: 12 pouches containing 2 units, 0.1mL each
Store at 2°-25°C (36°-77°F). Protect from light.

Rx Only

HARROW®
Manufactured for:
Harrow Eye, LLC,
Nashville, TN 37205 USA
Made in France