Drug Detail:Tri-linyah (Ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate [ eth-i-nil-es-tra-dye-ol-and-nor-jes-ti-mate ])
Drug Class: Contraceptives
Highlights of Prescribing Information
Initial U.S. Approval: 1989
WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING and SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
- Tri-Linyah is contraindicated in women over 35 years old who smoke. (4)
- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination oral contraceptives (COC) use. (4)
Recent Major Changes
| Warnings and Precautions (5.11) | 04/2022 |
Indications and Usage for Tri-Linyah
Tri-Linyah is an estrogen/progestin COC, indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy. (1.1)
Tri-Linyah is also indicated for the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris in females at least 15 years of age, who have no known contraindications to oral contraceptive therapy and have achieved menarche.
Tri-Linyah should be used for the treatment of acne only if the patient desires an oral contraceptive for birth control. (1.2)
Tri-Linyah Dosage and Administration
- Take one tablet daily by mouth at the same time every day. (2.2)
- Take tablets in the order directed on the blister pack. (2.2)
- Do not skip or delay tablet intake. (2.2)
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Tri-Linyah consists of 28 round, biconvex, coated tablets in the following order (3):
- 7 green tablets each containing 0.180 mg norgestimate and 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol
- 7 light blue tablets each containing 0.215 mg norgestimate and 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol
- 7 blue tablets each containing 0.250 mg norgestimate and 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol
- 7 white tablets (inert)
Contraindications
- A high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases (4)
- Liver tumors or liver disease (4)
- Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding (4)
- Pregnancy (4)
- Breast cancer (4)
- Co-administration with Hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir (4)
Warnings and Precautions
- Thromboembolic Disorders and Other Vascular Problems: Stop Tri-Linyha if a thrombotic event occurs. Stop at least 4 weeks before and through 2 weeks after major surgery. Start no earlier than 4 weeks after delivery, in women who are not breastfeeding. (5.1)
- Liver disease: Discontinue Tri-Linyah if jaundice occurs. (5.2)
- High blood pressure: If used in women with well-controlled hypertension, monitor blood pressure and stop Tri-Linyah if blood pressure rises significantly. (5.4)
- Carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects: Monitor prediabetic and diabetic women taking Tri-Linyah. Consider an alternate contraceptive method for women with uncontrolled dyslipidemia. (5.6)
- Headache: Evaluate significant change in headaches and discontinue Tri-Linyah if indicated. (5.7)
- Bleeding Irregularities and Amenorrhea: Evaluate irregular bleeding or amenorrhea. (5.8)
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
The most common adverse reactions reported during clinical trials (≥2%) were:
headache/migraine, breast issues (including breast pain, enlargement, and discharge), vaginal infection, abdominal/gastrointestinal pain, mood disorders (including mood alteration and depression), genital discharge, changes in weight (including weight increased or decreased). (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Northstar Rx LLC.Toll-Free at 1-800-206-7821 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Drug Interactions
Drugs or herbal products that induce certain enzymes including CYP3A4, may decrease the effectiveness of COCs or increase breakthrough bleeding. Counsel patients to use a back-up or alternative method of contraception when enzyme inducers are used with COCs. (7.1)
Use In Specific Populations
Nursing mothers: Not recommended; can decrease milk production. (8.3)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 9/2022
Full Prescribing Information
WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING and SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination oral contraceptive (COC) use. This risk increases with age, particularly in women over 35 years of age, and with the number of cigarettes smoked. For this reason, COCs are contraindicated in women who are over 35 years of age and smoke [see Contraindications (4)].
1. Indications and Usage for Tri-Linyah
1.1 Oral Contraceptive
Tri-Linyah Tablets are indicated for use by females of reproductive potential to prevent pregnancy [see Clinical Studies (14)].
1.2 Acne
Tri-Linyah is indicated for the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris in females at least 15 years of age, who have no known contraindications to oral contraceptive therapy and have achieved menarche. Tri-Linyah should be used for the treatment of acne only if the patient desires an oral contraceptive for birth control [see Clinical Studies (14)].
2. Tri-Linyah Dosage and Administration
2.1 How to Start Tri-Linyah
Tri-Linyah is dispensed in 28-tablet blister [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. Tri-Linyah may be started using either a Day 1 start or a Sunday start (see Table 1). The plastic compact is pre-set for a Sunday start. Day 1 Start day-label stickers are available. For the first cycle of a Sunday Start regimen, an additional method of contraception should be used until after the first 7 consecutive days of administration.
2.2 How to Take Tri-Linyah
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Starting COCs in women not currently using hormonal contraception (Day 1 Start or Sunday Start)
Important:
Tablet Color:
| Day 1 Start:
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Sunday Start:
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| Switching to Tri-Linyah from another oral contraceptive | Start on the same day that a new pack of the previous oral contraceptive would have started. |
| Switching from another contraceptive method to Tri-Linyah | Start Tri-Linyah: |
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| Complete instructions to facilitate patient counseling on proper tablet usage are located in the FDA-Approved Patient Labeling. | |
Compact Blister Dispenser
If the patient starts pill-taking on Sunday, the first active pill should be taken on the first Sunday after the patient’s menstrual period begins. Remove the first active pill at the top of the dispenser (Sunday) by pressing the pill through the blister foil.
If the patient will start pill-taking on “Day 1,” place a day-label sticker on the compact which starts with the day of the week the patient will take the first pill. Remove the first active pill at the top of the dispenser (Day 1) by pressing the pill through the blister foil.
2.3 Missed Tablets
| Take the tablet as soon as possible. Continue taking one tablet a day until the pack is finished. |
| Take the two missed tablets as soon as possible and the next two active tablets the next day. Continue taking one tablet a day until the pack is finished. Additional non-hormonal contraception (such as condoms and spermicide) should be used as back-up if the patient has sex within 7 days after missing tablets. |
| Day 1 start: Throw out the rest of the pack and start a new pack that same day. Sunday start: Continue taking one tablet a day until Sunday, then throw out the rest of the pack and start a new pack that same day. Additional non-hormonal contraception (such as condoms and spermicide) should be used as back-up if the patient has sex within 7 days after missing tablets. |
2.4 Advice in Case of Gastrointestinal Disturbances
In case of severe vomiting or diarrhea, absorption may not be complete and additional contraceptive measures should be taken. If vomiting or diarrhea occurs within 3 to 4 hours after taking an active tablet, handle this as a missed tablet [see FDA-Approved Patient Labeling].
4. Contraindications
Tri-Linyah is contraindicated in females who are known to have or develop the following conditions:
- A high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases. Examples include women who are known to:
- Smoke, if over age 35 [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Have deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, now or in the past [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Have inherited or acquired hypercoagulopathies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Have cerebrovascular disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Have coronary artery disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Have thrombogenic valvular or thrombogenic rhythm diseases of the heart (for example, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, or atrial fibrillation) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Have uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- Have diabetes mellitus with vascular disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
- Have headaches with focal neurological symptoms or migraine headaches with aura [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
- Women over age 35 with any migraine headaches [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
- Liver tumors, benign or malignant, or liver disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
- Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
- Pregnancy, because there is no reason to use COCs during pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]
- Current diagnosis of, or history of, breast cancer, which may be hormone-sensitive [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]
- Use of Hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir, due to the potential for ALT elevations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
5. Warnings and Precautions
5.1 Thromboembolic Disorders and Other Vascular Problems
- Stop Tri-Linyah if an arterial thrombotic event or venous thromboembolic (VTE) event occurs.
- Stop Tri-Linyah if there is unexplained loss of vision, proptosis, diplopia, papilledema, or retinal vascular lesions. Evaluate for retinal vein thrombosis immediately [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
- If feasible, stop Tri-Linyah at least 4 weeks before and through 2 weeks after major surgery or other surgeries known to have an elevated risk of VTE as well as during and following prolonged immobilization.
- Start Tri-Linyah no earlier than 4 weeks after delivery, in women who are not breastfeeding. The risk of postpartum VTE decreases after the third postpartum week, whereas the risk of ovulation increases after the third postpartum week.
- The use of COCs increases the risk of VTE. However, pregnancy increases the risk of VTE as much or more than the use of COCs. The risk of VTE in women using COCs is 3 to 9 cases per 10,000 woman-years. The risk of VTE is highest during the first year of use of COCs and when restarting hormonal contraception after a break of 4 weeks or longer. The risk of thromboembolic disease due to COCs gradually disappears after use is discontinued.
- Use of COCs also increases the risk of arterial thromboses such as strokes and myocardial infarctions, especially in women with other risk factors for these events. COCs have been shown to increase both the relative and attributable risks of cerebrovascular events (thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes). This risk increases with age, particularly in women over 35 years of age who smoke.
- Use COCs with caution in women with cardiovascular disease risk factors.
5.3 Risk of Liver Enzyme Elevations with Concomitant Hepatitis C Treatment
During clinical trials with the Hepatitis C combination drug regimen that contains ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir, ALT elevations greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), including some cases greater than 20 times the ULN, were significantly more frequent in women using ethinyl estradiol-containing medications, such as COCs. Discontinue Tri-Linyah prior to starting therapy with the combination drug regimen ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir [see Contraindications (4)]. Tri-Linyah can be restarted approximately 2 weeks following completion of treatment with the Hepatitis C combination drug regimen.
5.4 High Blood Pressure
Tri-Linyah is contraindicated in women with uncontrolled hypertension or hypertension with vascular disease [see Contraindications (4)]. For women with well-controlled hypertension, monitor blood pressure and stop Tri-Linyah if blood pressure rises significantly.
An increase in blood pressure has been reported in women taking COCs, and this increase is more likely in older women with extended duration of use. The incidence of hypertension increases with increasing concentrations of progestin.
5.5 Gallbladder Disease
Studies suggest a small increased relative risk of developing gallbladder disease among COC users. Use of COCs may worsen existing gallbladder disease. A past history of COC-related cholestasis predicts an increased risk with subsequent COC use. Women with a history of pregnancy-related cholestasis may be at an increased risk for COC related cholestasis.
5.6 Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolic Effects
Carefully monitor prediabetic and diabetic women who take Tri-Linyah. COCs may decrease glucose tolerance.
Consider alternative contraception for women with uncontrolled dyslipidemia. A small proportion of women will have adverse lipid changes while on COCs.
Women with hypertriglyceridemia, or a family history thereof, may be at an increased risk of pancreatitis when using COCs.
5.7 Headache
If a woman taking Tri-Linyah develops new headaches that are recurrent, persistent, or severe, evaluate the cause and discontinue Tri-Linyah if indicated.
Consider discontinuation of Tri-Linyah in the case of increased frequency or severity of migraine during COC use (which may be prodromal of a cerebrovascular event).
5.9 COC Use Before or During Early Pregnancy
Extensive epidemiological studies have revealed no increased risk of birth defects in women who have used oral contraceptives prior to pregnancy. Studies also do not suggest a teratogenic effect, particularly in so far as cardiac anomalies and limb reduction defects are concerned, when oral contraceptives are taken inadvertently during early pregnancy. Discontinue Tri-Linyah use if pregnancy is confirmed.
Administration of COCs to induce withdrawal bleeding should not be used as a test for pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
5.10 Depression
Carefully observe women with a history of depression and discontinue Tri-Linyah if depression recurs to a serious degree.
5.12 Effect on Binding Globulins
The estrogen component of COCs may raise the serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and cortisol-binding globulin. The dose of replacement thyroid hormone or cortisol therapy may need to be increased.
5.13 Monitoring
A woman who is taking COCs should have a yearly visit with her healthcare provider for a blood pressure check and for other indicated healthcare.
6. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
The following serious adverse reactions with the use of COCs are discussed elsewhere in labeling:
- Serious cardiovascular events and stroke [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Vascular events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Liver disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
Adverse reactions commonly reported by COC users are:
- Irregular uterine bleeding
- Nausea
- Breast tenderness
- Headache
6.1 Clinical Trial Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
Five studies that compared breast cancer risk between ever-users (current or past use) of COCs and never-users of COCs reported no association between ever use of COCs and breast cancer risk, with effect estimates ranging from 0.90 – 1.12 (Figure 1).
Three studies compared breast cancer risk between current or recent COC users (<6 months since last use) and never users of COCs (Figure 1). One of these studies reported no association between breast cancer risk and COC use. The other two studies found an increased relative risk of 1.19 – 1.33 with current or recent use. Both of these studies found an increased risk of breast cancer with current use of longer duration, with relative risks ranging from 1.03 with less than one year of COC use to approximately 1.4 with more than 8–10 years of COC use.
Figure 1: Relevant Studies of Risk of Breast Cancer with Combined Oral Contraceptives
The following additional adverse drug reactions have been reported from worldwide postmarketing experience with norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Infections and Infestations: Urinary tract infection;
Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and Unspecified (Incl. Cysts and Polyps): Breast cancer, benign breast neoplasm, hepatic adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, breast cyst;
Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity;
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Dyslipidemia;
Psychiatric Disorders: Anxiety, insomnia;
Nervous System Disorders: Syncope, convulsion, paresthesia, dizziness;
Eye Disorders: Visual impairment, dry eye, contact lens intolerance;
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Vertigo;
Cardiac Disorders: Tachycardia, palpitations;
Vascular Events: Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, retinal vascular thrombosis, hot flush, venous thrombosis (including Budd Chiari Syndrome and hepatic vein thrombosis);
Arterial Events: Arterial thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident;
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Dyspnea;
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Pancreatitis, abdominal distension, diarrhea, constipation;
Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hepatitis;
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Angioedema, erythema nodosum, hirsutism, night sweats, hyperhidrosis, photosensitivity reaction, urticaria, pruritus, acne;
Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders: Muscle spasms, pain in extremity, myalgia, back pain;
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: Ovarian cyst, suppressed lactation, vulvovaginal dryness;
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Chest pain, asthenic conditions.
7. Drug Interactions
Consult the labeling of concurrently used drugs to obtain further information about interactions with hormonal contraceptives or the potential for enzyme alterations.
No drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with Tri-Linyah.
7.2 Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives on Other Drugs
- COCs containing EE may inhibit the metabolism of other compounds (e.g., cyclosporine, prednisolone, theophylline, tizanidine, and voriconazole) and increase their plasma concentrations.
- COCs have been shown to decrease plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, clofibric acid, morphine, salicylic acid, temazepam and lamotrigine. Significant decrease in plasma concentration of lamotrigine has been shown, likely due to induction of lamotrigine glucuronidation. This may reduce seizure control; therefore, dosage adjustments of lamotrigine may be necessary.
Women on thyroid hormone replacement therapy may need increased doses of thyroid hormone because the serum concentration of thyroid-binding globulin increases with use of COCs.
8. Use In Specific Populations
8.1 Pregnancy
There is little or no increased risk of birth defects in women who inadvertently use COCs during early pregnancy. Epidemiologic studies and meta-analyses have not found an increased risk of genital or non-genital birth defects (including cardiac anomalies and limb reduction defects) following exposure to low dose COCs prior to conception or during early pregnancy.
Do not administer COCs to induce withdrawal bleeding as a test for pregnancy. Do not use COCs during pregnancy to treat threatened or habitual abortion.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
Advise the nursing mother to use other forms of contraception, when possible, until she has weaned her child. COCs can reduce milk production in breastfeeding mothers. This is less likely to occur once breastfeeding is well-established; however, it can occur at any time in some women. Small amounts of oral contraceptive steroids and/or metabolites are present in breast milk.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and efficacy of Tri-Linyah Tablets have been established in women of reproductive age. Efficacy is expected to be the same for postpubertal adolescents under the age of 18 and for users 18 years and older. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated.
There was no significant difference between tri-cycle norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and placebo in mean change in total lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip bone mineral density between baseline and Cycle 13 in 123 adolescent females with anorexia nervosa in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, one-year treatment duration clinical trial for the Intent To Treat (ITT) population.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Tri-Linyah has not been studied in postmenopausal women and are not indicated in this population.
8.6 Hepatic Impairment
The pharmacokinetics of Tri-Linyah has not been studied in subjects with hepatic impairment. However, steroid hormones may be poorly metabolized in patients with hepatic impairment. Acute or chronic disturbances of liver function may necessitate the discontinuation of COC use until markers of liver function return to normal and COC causation has been excluded. [See Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
10. Overdosage
There have been no reports of serious ill effects from overdosage of oral contraceptives, including ingestion by children. Overdosage may cause withdrawal bleeding in females and nausea.
11. Tri-Linyah Description
Tri-Linyah is a combination oral contraceptive containing the progestational compound norgestimate and the estrogenic compound ethinyl estradiol. Norgestimate is designated as (18,19-Dinor-17-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one,17-(acetyloxy)-13-ethyl-, oxime,(17α)-(+)-) and ethinyl estradiol is designated as (19-nor-17α-pregna,1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol).
12. Tri-Linyah - Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
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Oral Contraception
COCs lower the risk of becoming pregnant primarily by suppressing ovulation. Other possible mechanisms may include cervical mucus changes that inhibit sperm penetration and endometrial changes that reduce the likelihood of implantation.
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Acne
Acne is a skin condition with a multifactorial etiology, including androgen stimulation of sebum production. While the combination of ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate increases sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and decreases free testosterone, the relationship between these changes and a decrease in the severity of facial acne in otherwise healthy women with this skin condition has not been established.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Norgestimate (NGM) and EE are rapidly absorbed following oral administration. NGM is rapidly and completely metabolized by first pass (intestinal and/or hepatic) mechanisms to norelgestromin (NGMN) and norgestrel (NG), which are the major active metabolites of norgestimate.
Peak serum concentrations of NGMN and EE are generally reached by 2 hours after administration of Tri-Linyah. Accumulation following multiple dosing of the 250 mcg NGM / 35 mcg EE dose is approximately 2-fold for NGMN and EE compared with single dose administration. The pharmacokinetics of NGMN is dose-proportional following NGM doses of 180 mcg to 250 mcg. Steady-state concentration of EE is achieved by Day 7 of each dosing cycle. Steady-state concentrations of NGMN and NG are achieved by Day 21. Non-linear accumulation (approximately 8 fold) of NG is observed as a result of high-affinity binding to SHBG, which limits its biological activity (Table 3).
| Cmax = peak serum concentration, tmax = time to reach peak serum concentration, AUC0–24h = area under serum concentration vs time curve from 0 to 24 hours, t1/2 = elimination half-life, NC = not calculated. | ||||||
| NGMN and NG: Cmax = ng/mL, AUC0–24h = h∙ng/mL | ||||||
| EE: Cmax = pg/mL, AUC0–24h = h∙pg/mL | ||||||
| Mean (SD) Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Norgestimate/Ethinyl Estradiol tri-cyclic Tablets(0.18mg/0.035mg,0.215mg/0.035mg,0.25mg/0.035mg)During a Three Cycle Study | ||||||
| Analyte | Cycle | Day | Cmax | tmax (h) | AUC0–24h | t1/2 (h) |
| NGMN | 3 | 7 | 1.80 (0.46) | 1.42 (0.73) | 15.0 (3.88) | NC |
| 14 | 2.12 (0.56) | 1.21 (0.26) | 16.1 (4.97) | NC | ||
| 21 | 2.66 (0.47) | 1.29 (0.26) | 21.4 (3.46) | 22.3 (6.54) | ||
| NG | 3 | 7 | 1.94 (0.82) | 3.15 (4.05) | 34.8 (16.5) | NC |
| 14 | 3.00 (1.04) | 2.21 (2.03) | 55.2 (23.5) | NC | ||
| 21 | 3.66 (1.15) | 2.58 (2.97) | 69.3 (23.8) | 40.2 (15.4) | ||
| EE | 3 | 7 | 124 (39.5) | 1.27 (0.26) | 1130 (420) | NC |
| 14 | 128 (38.4) | 1.32 (0.25) | 1130 (324) | NC | ||
| 21 | 126 (34.7) | 1.31 (0.56) | 1090 (359) | 15.9 (4.39) | ||
14. Clinical Studies
14.1 Contraception
In four clinical trials with tri-cycle norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets, 4,756 women aged 15 to 41 years were studied for 24 cycles, providing a total of 45,244 cycles of exposure. The racial demographic was about 87–90% Caucasian, 6–10% African-American, with the remainder Asian (≤1%) or Other (2–5%). There were no exclusions on the basis of weight; the weight range for women treated was 80–310 lbs, with a mean weight of about 132 lbs. The pregnancy rate was approximately 1 pregnancy per 100 women-years.
14.2 Acne
Tri-cycle norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets were evaluated for the treatment of acne vulgaris in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, six- (28 day) cycle studies. Two hundred twenty-one patients received tri-cycle norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and 234 patients received placebo. Mean age at enrollment for both groups was 28 years. At the end of 6 months, the mean total lesion count changed from 55 to 31 (42% reduction) in patients treated with tri-cycle norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and from 54 to 38 (27% reduction) in patients similarly treated with placebo. Table 4 summarizes the changes in lesion count for each type of lesion. Based on the investigator's global assessment conducted at the final visit, patients treated with tri-cycle norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets showed a statistically significant improvement in total lesions compared to those treated with placebo.
| Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tri-cycle tablets (N=221) | Placebo (N=234) | Difference in Counts between norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tri-cycle tablets and Placebo at 6 Months | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of Lesions | Counts | % Reduction | Counts | % Reduction | |
|
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| INFLAMMATORY LESIONS | |||||
| Baseline Mean | 19 | 19 | |||
| Sixth Month Mean | 10 | 48% | 13 | 30% | 3 (95% CI: -1.2, 5.1) |
| NON-INFLAMMATORY LESIONS | |||||
| Baseline Mean | 36 | 35 | |||
| Sixth Month Mean | 22 | 34% | 25 | 21% | 3 (95% CI: -0.2, 7.8) |
| TOTAL LESIONS | |||||
| Baseline Mean | 55 | 54 | 7 (95% CI: 2.0, 11.9) | ||
| Sixth Month Mean | 31 | 42% | 38 | 27% | |
17. Patient Counseling Information
See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use).
Counsel patients about the following information:
- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from COC use, and that women who are over 35 years old and smoke should not use COCs [see Boxed Warning].
- Increased risk of VTE compared to non-users of COCs is greatest after initially starting a COC or restarting (following a 4-week or greater pill-free interval) the same or a different COC [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- Tri-Linyah does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections.
- Tri-Linyah is not to be used during pregnancy; if pregnancy occurs during use of Tri-Linyah instruct the patient to stop further use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
- Take one tablet daily by mouth at the same time every day. Instruct patients what to do in the event tablets are missed [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
- Use a back-up or alternative method of contraception when enzyme inducers are used with Tri-Linyah [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
- COCs may reduce breast milk production; this is less likely to occur if breastfeeding is well established [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
- Women who start COCs postpartum, and who have not yet had a period, should use an additional method of contraception until they have taken an active tablet for 7 consecutive days [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
- Amenorrhea may occur. Consider pregnancy in the event of amenorrhea at the time of the first missed period. Rule out pregnancy in the event of amenorrhea in two or more consecutive cycles [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
Patient InformationTRI-LINYAH [TRI-lin-YAH] (norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol) Tablets
What is the most important information I should know about TRI-LINYAH?
Do not use TRI-LINYAH if you smoke cigarettes and are over 35 years old. Smoking increases your risk of serious cardiovascular side effects from hormonal birth control pills, including death from heart attack, blood clots or stroke. This risk increases with age and the number of cigarettes you smoke.
What is TRI-LINYAH?
TRI-LINYAH is a birth control pill (oral contraceptive) used by women to prevent pregnancy.
TRI-LINYAH is also used to treat moderate acne vulgaris in females 15 years of age and older, who have no known history of allergies or problems taking birth control pills, and have started their menstrual cycle ("period"). TRI-LINYAH should only be used to treat acne in women who want to take birth control pills to prevent pregnancy.
How does TRI-LINYAH work for contraception?
Your chance of getting pregnant depends on how well you follow the directions for taking your birth control pills. The better you follow the directions, the less chance you have of getting pregnant.
Based on the results of clinical studies, about 1 out of 100 women may get pregnant during the first year they use TRI-LINYAH.
The following chart shows the chance of getting pregnant for women who use different methods of birth control. Each box on the chart contains a list of birth control methods that are similar in effectiveness. The most effective methods are at the top of the chart. The box on the bottom of the chart shows the chance of getting pregnant for women who do not use birth control and are trying to get pregnant.
Who should not take TRI-LINYAH?
Do not take TRI-LINYAH if you:
- smoke and are over 35 years of age
- had blood clots in your arms, legs, lungs, or eyes
- had a problem with your blood that makes it clot more than normal
- have certain heart valve problems or irregular heart beat that increases your risk of having blood clots
- had a stroke
- had a heart attack
- have high blood pressure that cannot be controlled by medicine
- have diabetes with kidney, eye, nerve, or blood vessel damage
- have certain kinds of severe migraine headaches with aura, numbness, weakness or changes in vision, or any migraine headaches if you are over 35 years of age
- have liver problems, including liver tumors
- take any Hepatitis C drug combination containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. This may increase levels of the liver enzyme "alanine aminotransferase" (ALT) in the blood.
- have any unexplained vaginal bleeding
- are pregnant
- had breast cancer or any cancer that is sensitive to female hormones
If any of these conditions happen while you are taking TRI-LINYAH, stop taking TRI-LINYAH right away and talk to your healthcare provider. Use non-hormonal contraception when you stop taking TRI-LINYAH.
What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking TRI-LINYAH?
Tell your healthcare provider if you:
- are pregnant or think you may be pregnant
- are depressed now or have been depressed in the past
- had yellowing of your skin or eyes (jaundice) caused by pregnancy (cholestasis of pregnancy)
- are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. TRI-LINYAH may decrease the amount of breast milk you make. A small amount of the hormones in TRI-LINYAH may pass into your breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best birth control method for you while breastfeeding.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements.
TRI-LINYAH may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how well TRI-LINYAH works.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How should I take TRI-LINYAH?
Read the Instructions for Use at the end of this Patient Information.
What are the possible serious side effects of TRI-LINYAH?
- Like pregnancy, TRI-LINYAH may cause serious side effects, including blood clots in your lungs, heart attack, or a stroke that may lead to death. Some other examples of serious blood clots include blood clots in the legs or eyes.
Serious blood clots can happen especially if you smoke, are obese, or are older than 35 years of age. Serious blood clots are more likely to happen when you:
- first start taking birth control pills
- restart the same or different birth control pills after not using them for a month or more
Call your healthcare provider or go to a hospital emergency room right away if you have:
- leg pain that will not go away
- sudden severe shortness of breath
- sudden change in vision or blindness
- chest pain
- a sudden, severe headache unlike your usual headaches
- weakness or numbness in your arm or leg
- trouble speaking
Other serious side effects include:
-
liver problems, including:
- rare liver tumors
- jaundice (cholestasis), especially if you previously had cholestasis of pregnancy. Call your healthcare provider if you have yellowing of your skin or eyes.
- high blood pressure. You should see your healthcare provider for a yearly check of your blood pressure.
- gallbladder problems
- changes in the sugar and fat (cholesterol and triglycerides) levels in your blood
- new or worsening headaches including migraine headaches
- irregular or unusual vaginal bleeding and spotting between your menstrual periods, especially during the first 3 months of taking TRI-LINYAH.
- depression
- possible cancer in your breast and cervix
- swelling of your skin especially around your mouth, eyes, and in your throat (angioedema). Call your healthcare provider if you have a swollen face, lips, mouth tongue or throat, which may lead to difficulty swallowing or breathing. Your chance of having angioedema is higher if you have a history of angioedema.
- dark patches of skin around your forehead, nose, cheeks and around your mouth, especially during pregnancy (chloasma). Women who tend to get chloasma should avoid spending a long time in sunlight, tanning booths, and under sun lamps while taking TRI-LINYAH. Use sunscreen if you have to be in the sunlight.
What are the most common side effects of TRI-LINYAH?
- headache (migraine)
- breast pain or tenderness, enlargement or discharge
- stomach pain, discomfort, and gas
- vaginal infections and discharge
- mood changes, including depression
- nervousness
- changes in weight
- skin rash
These are not all the possible side effects of TRI-LINYAH. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What else should I know about taking TRI-LINYAH?
- If you are scheduled for any lab tests, tell your healthcare provider you are taking TRI-LINYAH. Certain blood tests may be affected by TRI-LINYAH.
- TRI-LINYAH does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections.
How should I store TRI-LINYAH?
- Store TRI-LINYAH at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep TRI-LINYAH and all medicines out of the reach of children.
- Store away from light.
General information about the safe and effective use of TRI-LINYAH.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use TRI-LINYAH for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give TRI-LINYAH to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have.
This Patient Information summarizes the most important information about TRI-LINYAH. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about TRI-LINYAH that is written for health professionals.
For more information, call 1-800-206-7821.
Do birth control pills cause cancer?
It is not known if hormonal birth control pills cause breast cancer. Some studies, but not all, suggest that there could be a slight increase in the risk of breast cancer among current users with longer duration of use.
If you have breast cancer now, or have had it in the past, do not use hormonal birth control because some breast cancers are sensitive to hormones.
Women who use birth control pills may have a slightly higher chance of getting cervical cancer. However, this may be due to other reasons such as having more sexual partners.
What if I want to become pregnant?
You may stop taking the pill whenever you wish. Consider a visit with your healthcare provider for a pre-pregnancy checkup before you stop taking the pill.
What should I know about my period when taking TRI-LINYAH?
Your periods may be lighter and shorter than usual. Some women may miss a period. Irregular vaginal bleeding or spotting may happen while you are taking TRI-LINYAH, especially during the first few months of use. This usually is not a serious problem. It is important to continue taking your pills on a regular schedule to prevent a pregnancy.
What are the ingredients in TRI-LINYAH?
Active ingredients: Each green, light blue, and blue pill contains norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol.
Inactive ingredients:
Green pills: FD&C Blue No.2 Aluminum Lake,FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 10 Aluminum Lake, titanium dioxide, iron oxide black, iron oxide
yellow, macrogol/ polyethylene glycol 3350 NF, lecithin, talc, polyvinyl alcohol, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch.
Light Blue pills: FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake,FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake, titanium dioxide,iron oxide black, polyvinyl alcohol,
talc, macrogol/polyethylene glycol 3350 NF, lecithin, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch.
Blue pills: FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminium Lake,FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum lake, FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 10 Aluminum Lake, titanium dioxide, polyvinyl alcohol,talc, macrogol/PEG 3350 NF, lecithin, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch.
White pills: titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, triacetin, macrogol/polyethylene glycol, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch.
Instructions For UseTRI-LINYAH [TRI-lin-YAH](norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol)Tablets
Important Information about taking TRI-LINYAH
- Take 1 pill every day at the same time. Take the pills in the order directed on your pill dispenser.
- Do not skip your pills, even if you do not have sex often. If you miss pills (including starting the pack late) you could get pregnant. The more pills you miss, the more likely you are to get pregnant.
- If you have trouble remembering to take TRI-LINYAH, talk to your healthcare provider. When you first start taking TRI-LINYAH, spotting or light bleeding in between your periods may occur. Contact your healthcare provider if this does not go away after a few months.
- You may feel sick to your stomach (nauseous), especially during the first few months of taking TRI-LINYAH. If you feel sick to your stomach, do not stop taking the pill. The problem will usually go away. If your nausea does not go away, call your healthcare provider.
- Missing pills can also cause spotting or light bleeding, even when you take the missed pills later. On the days you take 2 pills to make up for missed pills (see What should I do if I miss any TRI-LINYAH pills? below), you could also feel a little sick to your stomach.
- It is not uncommon to miss a period. However, if you miss a period and have not taken TRI-LINYAH according to directions, or miss 2 periods in a row, or feel like you may be pregnant, call your healthcare provider. If you have a positive pregnancy test, you should stop taking TRI-LINYAH.
- If you have vomiting or diarrhea within 3–4 hours of taking your pill, take another pill of the same color from your extra pill dispenser. If you do not have an extra pill dispenser, take the next pill in your pill dispenser. Continue taking all your remaining pills in order. Start the first pill of your next pill dispenser the day after finishing your current pill dispenser. This will be 1 day earlier than originally scheduled. Continue on your new schedule.
- If you have vomiting or diarrhea for more than 1 day, your birth control pills may not work as well. Use an additional birth control method, like condoms and a spermicide, until you check with your healthcare provider.
- Stop taking TRI-LINYAH at least 4 weeks before you have major surgery and do not restart after the surgery without asking your healthcare provider. Be sure to use other forms of contraception (like condoms and spermicide) during this time period.
Before you start taking TRI-LINYAH:
- Decide what time of day you want to take your pill. It is important to take it at the same time every day and in the order as directed on your compact blister card.
- Have backup contraception (condoms and spermicide) available and if possible, an extra full pack of pills as needed.
When should I start taking TRI-LINYAH?
If you start taking TRI-LINYAH and you have not used a hormonal birth control method before:
- There are 2 ways to start taking your birth control pills. You can either start on a Sunday (Sunday Start) or on the first day (Day 1) of your natural menstrual period (Day 1 Start). Your healthcare provider should tell you when to start taking your birth control pill.
- If you use the Sunday Start, use non-hormonal back-up contraception such as condoms and spermicide for the first 7 days that you take TRI-LINYAH. You do not need back-up contraception if you use the Day 1 Start.
If you start taking TRI-LINYAH and you are switching from another birth control pill:
- Start your new TRI-LINYAH pack on the same day that you would start the next pack of your previous birth control method.
- Do not continue taking the pills from your previous birth control pack.
If you start taking TRI-LINYAH and previously used a vaginal ring or transdermal patch:
- Start using TRI-LINYAH on the day you would have reapplied the next ring or patch.
If you start taking TRI-LINYAH and you are switching from a progestin-only method such as an implant or injection:
- Start taking TRI-LINYAH on the day of removal of your implant or on the day when you would have had your next injection.
If you start taking TRI-LINYAH and you are switching from an intrauterine device or system (IUD or IUS):
- Start taking TRI-LINYAH on the day of removal of your IUD or IUS.
- You do not need back-up contraception if your IUD or IUS is removed on the first day (Day 1) of your period. If your IUD or IUS is removed on any other day, use non-hormonal back-up contraception such as condoms and spermicide for the first 7 days that you take TRI-LINYAH.
Keep a calendar to track your period:
If this is the first time you are taking birth control pills, read, "When should I start taking TRI-LINYAH?" above.
TRI-LINYAH is available as a blister card placed within a white compact with the days of the week imprinted on the white compact preset for a Sunday start. The TRI-LINYAH blister card has 21 (7 green,7 light blue and 7 blue) "active" pills (with hormones) to take for 3 weeks. This is followed by 1 week of 7 white "reminder" pills (without hormones). The TRI-LINYAH blister card and the imprinted days of the week on the compact is shown in the picture below.
On the above blister card find where on the card to start taking pills, in what order to take the pills and the week numbers. Day 1 stickers are also provided.
Follow these instructions for either a Sunday Start or a Day 1 Start.
Sunday Start:
You will use a Sunday Start if your healthcare provider told you to take your first pill on a Sunday.
- Take pill 1 on the Sunday after your period starts.
- If your period starts on a Sunday, take pill "1 " that day and refer to Day 1 Start instructions below.
- Take 1 pill every day in the order on the blister card at the same time each day for 28 days.
- After taking the last pill on Day 28 from the blister card, start taking the first pill from a new pack, on the same day of the week as the first pack (Sunday). Take the first pill in the new pack whether or not you are having your period.
- Use non-hormonal back-up contraception such as condoms and spermicide for the first 7 days of the first cycle that you take TRI-LINYAH.
Day 1 Start:
You will use a Day 1 Start if your doctor told you to take your first pill (Day 1) on the first day of your period. Refer to Day 1 Start instructions below.
1. Pick the day label strip that starts with the first day of your period.
2. Place this day label strip over the area on the plastic compact which already has the days of the week (starting with Sunday) imprinted and press firmly. See the picture below as an example.
- Take 1 pill every day in the order on the blister card, at the same time each day, for 28 days.
- After taking the last pill on Day 28 from the blister card, start taking the first pill from a new pack, on the same day of the week as the first pack. Take the first pill in the new pack whether or not you are having your period.
What should I do if I miss any TRI-LINYAH pills?
If you miss 1 pill in Weeks 1, 2, or 3, follow these steps:
- Take it as soon as you remember. Take the next pill at your regular time. This means you may take 2 pills in 1 day.
- Then continue taking 1 pill every day until you finish the pack.
- You do not need to use a back-up birth control method if you have sex.
If you miss 2 pills in Week 1 or Week 2 of your pack, follow these steps:
- Take the 2 missed pills as soon as possible and the next 2 pills the next day.
- Then continue to take 1 pill every day until you finish the pack.
- Use a non-hormonal birth control method (such as a condom and spermicide) as a back-up if you have sex during the first 7 days after missing your pills.
If you miss 2 pills in a row in Week 3, or you miss 3 or more pills in a row during Weeks 1, 2, or 3 of the pack, follow these steps:
-
If you are a Day 1 Starter:
- Throw out the rest of the pill pack and start a new pack that same day.
- You may not have your period this month but this is expected. However, if you miss your period 2 months in a row, call your healthcare provider because you might be pregnant.
- You could become pregnant if you have sex during the first 7 days after you restart your pills. You MUST use a non-hormonal birth control method (such as a condom and spermicide) as a back-up if you have sex during the first 7 days after you restart your pills.
-
If you are a Sunday Starter:
- Keep taking 1 pill every day until Sunday. On Sunday, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new pack of pills that same day.
- Use a non-hormonal birth control method (such as a condom and spermicide) as a back-up if you have sex during the first 7 days after you restart your pills.
If you have any questions or are unsure about the information in this leaflet, call your healthcare provider.
| TRI-LINYAH
norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol kit |
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| Labeler - Northstar Rx LLC (830546433) |
| Registrant - Novast Laboratories, Ltd. (527695995) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Novast Laboratories, Ltd. | 527695995 | analysis(16714-363) , label(16714-363) , manufacture(16714-363) , pack(16714-363) | |
