Serotoninergic neuroenteric modulators
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Zelnorm Prescribing Information

Drug Detail:Zelnorm (Tegaserod [ te-gas-e-rod ])

Drug Class: Serotoninergic neuroenteric modulators

Contents
Uses Warnings Before Taking Dosage Side effects Interactions

Highlights of Prescribing Information

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ZELNORM™ safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for ZELNORM™.

ZELNORM™ (tegaserod) tablets, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2002

Recent Major Changes

Indications and Usage (1)03/2019
Contraindications (4)03/2019
Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.4)03/2019

Indications and Usage for Zelnorm

ZELNORM is a serotonin-4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of adult women less than 65 years of age with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). (1)

Limitations of Use:

  • The safety and effectiveness of ZELNORM in men with IBS-C have not been established. (1)

Zelnorm Dosage and Administration

The recommended dosage in adult women less than 65 years of age is 6 mg taken twice daily orally at least 30 minutes before meals. Discontinue ZELNORM in patients who have not had adequate control of symptoms after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. (2)

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Tablets: 6 mg tegaserod. (3)

Contraindications

ZELNORM is contraindicated in patients with:

  • A history of myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or angina. (4, 5.1)
  • A history of ischemic colitis or other forms of intestinal ischemia. (4, 5.2)
  • Severe renal impairment (eGFR< 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) or end-stage renal disease. (4, 8.6)
  • Moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C). (4, 8.7)
  • A history of bowel obstruction, symptomatic gallbladder disease, suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, or abdominal adhesions. (4)
  • Hypersensitivity to tegaserod. (4)

Warnings and Precautions

  • Cardiovascular Ischemic Events, Including Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE): The potential risks of treatment must be balanced with expectations in improvements in symptoms of IBS-C. Discontinue ZELNORM treatment in patients who experience a myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack or angina. (4) Evaluate the risks and benefits of continued treatment in patients who develop clinical or other evidence of cardiovascular ischemic heart disease and/or experience changes in health status that could increase cardiovascular risk during treatment. (4, 5.1)
  • Ischemic Colitis: Monitor for rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, and new or worsening abdominal pain and discontinue ZELNORM if symptoms develop. (5.2)
  • Volume Depletion Associated with Diarrhea: Avoid use in patients with severe diarrhea. Instruct patients to discontinue ZELNORM and contact their healthcare provider if severe diarrhea, hypotension or syncope occur. (5.3)
  • Suicidal Ideation and Behavior: Monitor patients for clinical worsening of depression and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of treatment. Instruct patients to immediately discontinue ZELNORM and contact their healthcare provider if their depression is persistently worse or they are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors. (5.4)

Adverse Reactions/Side Effects

Most common adverse reactions (>2%) are headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, dyspepsia, and dizziness. (6.1)


To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact US WorldMeds at 1-855-697-9232 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Use In Specific Populations

Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended. (8.2)

See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication Guide.

Revised: 3/2019

Related/similar drugs

Linzess, Amitiza, lubiprostone, Trulance, linaclotide, Ibsrela

Full Prescribing Information

5. Warnings and Precautions

5.1 Cardiovascular Ischemic Events, Including Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)

Stroke, MI, and cardiovascular death (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]) have been reported in adults taking ZELNORM who had an increased risk of developing an adverse cardiovascular event based on their medical history [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

ZELNORM is contraindicated in patients with a history of MI, stroke, TIA, or angina [see Contraindications (4)]. Assess female patients less than 65 years of age for a history of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors prior to treatment with ZELNORM [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The potential risks of treatment must be balanced with expectations in improvements in symptoms of IBS-C.

Discontinue ZELNORM in patients who experience an MI, stroke, TIA, or angina [see Contraindications (4)]. Evaluate the risks and benefits of continued use of ZELNORM in patients who develop clinical or other evidence of cardiovascular ischemic heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) and/or experience changes in health status that could increase cardiovascular risk during treatment with ZELNORM.

5.2 Ischemic Colitis

Ischemic colitis and other forms of intestinal ischemia have been reported postmarketing in patients receiving ZELNORM [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. In some cases, hospitalization was required. Discontinue ZELNORM in patients who develop symptoms of ischemic colitis, such as rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, or new or worsening abdominal pain. Evaluate patients experiencing these symptoms promptly and perform appropriate diagnostic testing. Do not reinitiate ZELNORM in patients who develop findings consistent with ischemic colitis or other forms of intestinal ischemia [see Contraindications (4)].

5.3 Volume Depletion Associated with Diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the most common adverse reactions in ZELNORM-treated patients from the pooled IBS-C double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Diarrhea resulted in discontinuation in 1.6% of ZELNORM-treated patients compared to 0% in placebo [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

In post-marketing experience, serious consequences of diarrhea including hypovolemia, hypotension, and syncope have been reported in patients treated with ZELNORM. In some cases, these complications have required hospitalization for rehydration. Avoid use of ZELNORM in patients who are currently experiencing or frequently experience diarrhea. Instruct patients to discontinue ZELNORM and contact their healthcare provider if severe diarrhea, hypotension, or syncope occur.

5.4 Suicidal Ideation and Behavior

Suicide, suicidal attempt and ideation, and self-injurious behavior have been reported in clinical trials of IBS-C and other gastrointestinal motility disorders. The frequency of suicidal ideation or attempts with tegaserod treatment (8 patients out of 10,003) was higher than placebo (1 patient out of 5,425) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Suicidal ideation/behavior in clinical trials was proportionately more frequent among patients receiving antidepressant medication.

Monitor all ZELNORM-treated patients for clinical worsening of depression and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of treatment. Counsel family members and caregivers of patients to monitor for changes in behavior and to alert the healthcare provider. Instruct patients to immediately discontinue ZELNORM and contact their healthcare provider if their depression is persistently worse or they are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

6. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects

The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail elsewhere in the labeling:

  • Cardiovascular Ischemic Events, including MACE [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
  • Ischemic Colitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
  • Volume Depletion Associated with Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
  • Suicidal Ideation and Behavior [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Common Adverse Reactions

In three clinical trials 2,343 female patients less than 65 years of age with IBS-C received ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily or placebo. The majority of patients were Caucasian. Table 1 provides the incidence of common adverse reactions reported in >2% of IBS-C patients in the ZELNORM treatment group and at an incidence that was greater than in the placebo group.

Table 1. Most Common Adverse Reactions* in Three Placebo-Controlled Trials of ZELNORM in Female IBS-C Patients Less than 65 Years of Age
Adverse ReactionsZELNORM
6 mg twice daily		Placebo
[N = 1,184]
%		[N = 1,159]
%
*
Reported in >2% of ZELNORM-treated patients and at an incidence greater than placebo
†
Includes abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, abdominal tenderness, epigastric pain or discomfort
Headache1410
Abdominal Pain†1110
Nausea87
Diarrhea83
Flatulence65
Dyspepsia43
Dizziness43

Diarrhea

The majority (84%) of the ZELNORM patients reporting diarrhea had a single episode. In most cases, diarrhea occurred within the first week of treatment. Typically, diarrhea resolved with continued therapy. Diarrhea resulted in discontinuation in 1.6% of ZELNORM-treated patients compared to 0% in placebo [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Less Common Adverse Reactions

The following is a list of less common adverse reactions reported in ≤ 2% of patients in clinical trials of IBS-C on ZELNORM but more frequently than placebo:

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Anemia

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Vertigo

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Rectal hemorrhage

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Asthenia

Investigations: Increased blood creatine phosphokinase

Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Increased appetite

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Arthropathy, tendonitis

Nervous System Disorders: Migraine

Adverse Reactions of Special Interest

ZELNORM is recommended for use in female patients with IBS-C, and is not recommended for other motility disorders [see Indications and Dosage (1)].

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)

A retrospective analysis of the pooled clinical trial database data (involving 18,645 patients, both male and female) of 29 placebo-controlled trials of IBS-C and other gastrointestinal motility disorders of at least four weeks duration was conducted. An external adjudication of the reported cardiovascular ischemic (CVI) events identified an imbalance in patients taking ZELNORM (13 events, 0.1%) compared to placebo (1 event, 0.01%). A second external adjudication was conducted with additional patient-level information, and used a comprehensive pre-specified methodology regarding both case selection and assessment. This adjudication confirmed seven CVI events (0.06%) on ZELNORM compared to one event (0.01%) on placebo. An imbalance in MACE events (defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke) was observed in patients taking ZELNORM compared to placebo, as reported in both external adjudications. All events occurred in male and female patients with a history of cardiovascular ischemic disease and/or more than one cardiovascular risk factor.

A summary of the event rates from both adjudications is provided in Table 2. The rate of MACE events for ZELNORM-treated patients ranged from 0.03% to 0.06% in the overall population and 0.01% to 0.03% in the female population less than 65 years of age without a history of cardiovascular ischemic disease compared to zero in the placebo-treated group.

Table 2. Number of MACE Events Confirmed in Two External Adjudications of the Clinical Trial Database
Females < 65 Years of Age
All Patients
(Male and Female)		Without a History of Cardiovascular Ischemic Disease*Without a History of Cardiovascular Ischemic Disease* and One or Fewer Cardiovascular Risk Factors†
ZELNORM (N=11,614)
n (%)		Placebo (N=7,031)
n (%)		ZELNORM (N=9,547)
n (%)		Placebo (N=5,748)
n (%)		ZELNORM (N=7,785)
n (%)		Placebo (N=4,686)
n (%)
*
Defined as prior MI, stroke, transient ischemic attack, angina, etc.
†
Defined as active smoking, current hypertension/history of antihypertensive treatment, current hyperlipidemia/history of lipid lowering medication, history of diabetes mellitus, age ≥55 years, or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2).
‡
Five females less than 65 years, one male less than 65 years and one male greater than 65 years of age
§
Cardiovascular death, MI and stroke; all three patients had > one cardiovascular risk factor at baseline
Three females less than 65 years of age and one male greater than 65 years of age
#
Cardiovascular death (one of the three cases confirmed in the 1st external adjudication)
First External Adjudication7‡
(0.06%)		03§
(0.03%)		000
Second External Adjudication4¶
(0.03%)		01#
(0.01%)		000

Suicidal Ideation/Behavior

Two ZELNORM-treated patients committed suicide, one in a controlled study of IBS-C and one during open label treatment for another motility disorder. In 27 placebo-controlled trials, assessing tegaserod at a total daily dose of 4 mg to 50 mg (up to four times the recommended daily dose), or placebo for the treatment of IBS-C or other gastrointestinal motility disorders, the frequency of suicidal ideation/behavior with tegaserod treatment (8 events/10,003, or 0.08%) was higher than placebo (1 event/5,425, or 0.02%). Events on ZELNORM included one completed suicide, two suicide attempts, four cases of self-injurious behavior, and one case of suicidal ideation. There was one suicide attempt on placebo. Of the eight ZELNORM-treated patients who experienced an event, all were less than 65 years of age, seven were female and three had IBS-C. The patient who committed suicide was a female, less than 65 years of age with IBS-C, taking ZELNORM 2 mg twice daily.

Abdominal Surgeries, Including Cholecystectomy

An increase in abdominal surgeries was observed on ZELNORM (9 patients out of 2,965 or 0.3%) versus placebo (3 patients out of 1,740 or 0.2%) in clinical trials of men and women treated with ZELNORM for IBS-C. The increase was primarily due to a numerical imbalance in cholecystectomies reported in patients treated with ZELNORM (5 patients out of 2,965 or 0.17%) versus placebo (1 patient out of 1,740 or 0.06%). A causal relationship between abdominal surgeries and ZELNORM has not been established.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of ZELNORM. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

  • Ischemic colitis, mesenteric ischemia, gangrenous bowel and rectal bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
  • Severe diarrhea resulting in syncope, hypotension, hypovolemia, electrolyte disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
  • Sphincter of Oddi spasm, bile duct stone, cholecystitis with elevated transaminases, elevation in ALT, AST and bilirubin, hepatitis [see Contraindications (4)]
  • Alopecia
  • Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis [see Contraindications (4)]

8. Use In Specific Populations

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Available data from case reports with ZELNORM use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, decreased survival of rat pups was observed with maternal dietary administration of tegaserod at 71 times the recommended dose during organogenesis and through lactation. Decreased body weight and delays in developmental landmarks in rat pups were observed with maternal dietary administration of 45 times the recommended dose (see Data).

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

No adverse developmental effects were observed with oral administration of tegaserod to pregnant rats at doses up to 100 mg/kg/day (approximately 15 times the recommended dose based on area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC]) or to pregnant rabbits at doses up to 120 mg/kg/day (approximately 51 times the recommended dose based on AUC) during organogenesis.

A pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study was performed in rats using dietary administration of up to 300 mg/kg/day (71 times the recommended dose based on AUC) during organogenesis and through lactation. The survival rate through postnatal days 4 and 21 was 59% at 300 mg/kg/day as compared to 95% to 99% in the control group. At doses of 150 mg/kg/day and higher (45 times the recommended dose based on AUC), decreased body weight and delays in developmental landmarks were observed. No adverse effects were observed at 75 mg/kg/day (14 times the recommended dose based on AUC).

12. Zelnorm - Clinical Pharmacology

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of tegaserod in IBS-C patients are comparable to those in healthy subjects. The mean (±SD) peak tegaserod concentration (Cmax) was 2.9 (±1.1) ng/mL, and mean (±SD) AUC was 10.5 (±4.6) h∙ng/mL following a single ZELNORM dose at 6 mg. Tegaserod systemic exposure at steady state increase proportionally over a dose range of 2 mg to 12 mg twice daily (0.3 to 2 times the approved recommended dosage). There was no significant accumulation (~10%) of tegaserod following the approved recommended dosage.

Absorption

The absolute bioavailability of tegaserod is approximately 10% when administered to fasting subjects. The median time of peak tegaserod plasma concentration (Tmax) is approximately one hour (range 0.7 to 2 hours).

Effect of Food

Compared to under fasted conditions, the tegaserod AUC was reduced by 40% to 65%, Cmax was reduced by approximately 20% to 40% and median Tmax was 0.7 hours when ZELNORM was administered 30 minutes before a high-fat, high-calorie meal (approximately 150 calories from protein, 250 calories from carbohydrates, and 500 calories from fat). Plasma concentrations were similar when ZELNORM was administered within 30 minutes prior to a meal or 2.5 hours after a meal [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

Distribution

Protein binding of tegaserod is approximately 98%. The mean volume of distribution of tegaserod (± SD) at steady-state is 368 ± 223 L following intravenous administration (ZELNORM is not approved for intravenous administration).

Elimination

The mean tegaserod terminal elimination half-life ranged from 4.6 to 8.1 hours following oral administration and the mean (±SD) plasma clearance was 77 ± 15 L/h following intravenous administration.

Metabolism

Tegaserod is metabolized via hydrolysis and direct glucuronidation. Tegaserod undergoes hydrolysis in the stomach followed by oxidation and conjugation which produces the M29 metabolite.

Excretion

Approximately two-thirds of a ZELNORM dose is excreted unchanged in the feces, with the remaining one-third excreted in the urine as metabolites.

Specific Populations

Patients with Renal Impairment

No change in the pharmacokinetics of tegaserod was observed in subjects with end stage renal disease (creatinine clearance normalized by body surface area (CrCL) < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) requiring hemodialysis. Although renal impairment does not affect the pharmacokinetics of tegaserod, the pharmacokinetics of its main metabolite (M29) are altered, the Cmax of M29 doubling and the AUC increasing 10-fold in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCL < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCL > 80 mL/min/1.73 m2) [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

Patients with Hepatic Impairment

In subjects with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A), the mean tegaserod AUC was 31% higher and the Cmax was 16% higher compared to healthy subjects with normal hepatic function. The increase in exposure in subjects with mild impairment is not considered to be clinically relevant.

In a single subject with moderate hepatic impairment, the Cmax and AUC were 140% and 200% of that observed in healthy controls. ZELNORM has not been studied in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C) [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].

Drug Interaction Studies

Effect of Other Drugs on Tegaserod

Quinidine: Coadministration of a single dose of 600 mg quinidine (P-gp inhibitor) with a single dose of ZELNORM 6 mg increased the mean tegaserod AUC(0-12h) and the mean Cmax by 50% and 44%, respectively, compared to ZELNORM administered alone. Coadministration of multiple doses of quinidine (600 mg once daily for three days) with ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily for six days increased the mean tegaserod AUC(0-12h) and Cmax by 71% and 63%, respectively, compared to ZELNORM administered alone.

Inhibitors of P-gp (e.g., ritonavir, clarithromycin, itraconazole) may modestly increase the oral bioavailability of tegaserod. The clinical relevance of increased systemic exposure as a result of P-gp inhibition is unclear.

Omeprazole: Administration of omeprazole 20 mg once daily for four days followed by ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily on day four increased the mean tegaserod AUC and Cmax by 15% and 17%, respectively, compared to ZELNORM administered alone. This increase in exposure is not considered clinically relevant.

Effect of Tegaserod on Other Drugs

No clinically significant effects of tegaserod on the pharmacokinetics of the following drugs were observed when used concomitantly with a single dose of ZELNORM 6 mg: theophylline (CYP1A2 substrate), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6 substrate), digoxin (P-gp substrate), warfarin (CYP2C9 substrate), or oral contraceptives (ethynyl estradiol and levonorgestrel).

Digoxin: Administration of a single dose of digoxin following ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily for four days reduced the mean Cmax and AUC of digoxin by approximately 15%. This reduction in digoxin exposure is not considered clinically relevant.

Warfarin: Coadministration of ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily with warfarin for seven days did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of either R- or S-warfarin or change the prothrombin time in healthy subjects.

Oral Contraceptives: Coadministration of ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily with 0.3 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.125 mg of levonorgestrel once daily did not affect the steady-state (Day 21) pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol but reduced both the Cmax and AUC of levonorgestrel by 8%. This change in exposure is not considered clinically relevant.

In Vitro Studies Where the Drug Interaction Potential Was Not Further Evaluated Clinically

CYP enzymes

Tegaserod does not inhibit CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, and it does not induce CYP3A4 and CYP2B6.

Limited induction of CYP1A2 was observed at tegaserod concentrations in excess of 100 times the clinically relevant range.

M29 does not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, and it does not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4.

Transporters

Tegaserod is a substrate for BCRP and P-gp, but not a substrate of OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, MATE2-K or BSEP. Drug transporter data indicated a potential inhibition of MATE1, MATE2-K, and BCRP by tegaserod at high concentrations. However, at the clinical dose of ZELNORM, a significant in vivo drug interaction via inhibition of these transporters is unlikely.

M29 is a substrate of BCRP, P-gp, OAT3 and BSEP transporters, but not a substrate of OAT1, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, and MATE2-K. M29 does not inhibit the following transporters: OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, MATE2-K, BCRP, P-gp, and BSEP.

13. Nonclinical Toxicology

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Inhibition of the hERG (human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene) channel was evident only in the micromolar concentration range with an IC50 of 13 micromolar (approximately 1300 times the Cmax in humans at the recommended dose). In in vitro studies, tegaserod had no effects on impulse conduction in isolated guinea pig papillary muscle at up to 100 times the Cmax in humans, Langendorff-perfused isolated rabbit heart (QT interval) at up to 1000 times the Cmax in humans, or human atrial myocytes at multiples up to 10 times the Cmax in humans. The major metabolite, M29, had no effect on QT in the Langendorff-perfused isolated rabbit heart at multiples up to 323 times the Cmax in humans.

In anesthetized and conscious dogs, tegaserod at doses up to 92 to 134 times the recommended dose based on Cmax did not alter heart rate, QRS interval duration, QTc or other ECG parameters. In chronic toxicology studies in rats and dogs, there were no treatment-related changes in cardiac morphology after tegaserod administration at doses up to 660 times the recommended dose based on AUC.

Although tegaserod is expected to bind to 5-HT2B receptors in humans at the recommended dose, there does not appear to be any potential for heart valve injury based on functional evidence of 5-HT2B receptor antagonism.

Studies with isolated coronary and mesenteric blood vessels from non-human primates and humans showed no vasoconstrictor effect at concentrations approximately 100 times the human Cmax. Tegaserod exhibited antagonism of 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction via 5-HT1B receptors. In rat thoracic aortic rings that were pre-constricted with phenylephrine or norepinephrine, tegaserod produced vasorelaxation, with IC50 values 6 and 64 times the Cmax plasma concentrations in humans, respectively. No effects were observed in the basal tone of aortic rings at concentrations up to 1000 times the human Cmax.

In studies with an anesthetized rat model for measuring macro- and micro-circulation of the colon, intraduodenal dosing with tegaserod (approximately 7 times the recommended dose based on Cmax) produced no clinically relevant effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or vascular conductance.

14. Clinical Studies

Results in Women

ZELNORM is not recommended in females 65 years of age and older with IBS-C [see Indications and Dosage (1)].

In three multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, 2,470 women (mean age 43 years [range 17 to 89 years]; 86% Caucasian, 10% African American) with at least a 3-month history of IBS-C symptoms prior to the baseline period that included abdominal pain, bloating and constipation received either ZELNORM 6 mg twice daily or placebo. In all patients, constipation was characterized by at least two of the following three symptoms each occurring >25% of the time over a 3-month period: <3 bowel movements/week, hard or lumpy stools, or straining with a bowel movement.

The design for the three trials consisted of a 4-week placebo-free baseline period followed by a 12-week double-blind treatment period. Studies 1 and 2 evaluated a fixed dose regimen of tegaserod 6 mg twice daily while Study 3 utilized a dose-titration design.

Each week of the 4-week placebo-free baseline period and the 12-week double-blind treatment period, patients were asked the question, "Please consider how you felt this past week in regard to your IBS, in particular your overall well-being, and symptoms of abdominal discomfort, pain and altered bowel habit. Compared to the way you usually felt before entering the trial, how would you rate your relief of symptoms during the past week?" The response variable consisted of the following five categories: completely relieved, considerably relieved, somewhat relieved, unchanged, or worse. Patients were classified as responders within a month if they were considerably or completely relieved for at least two of the four weeks, or if they were at least somewhat relieved for each of the four weeks.

Calculated response rates during month 1 and during month 3, as described above, are shown in Table 3. The differences in response rates vs. placebo were greater at month 1 than month 3.

Table 3. Efficacy Responder* Rates in the Three Placebo-Controlled IBS-C Trials
StudyMonth 1Month 3†
Proportion of Responders (Female)Proportion of Responders (Female)
ZELNORM
6 mg twice daily		PlaceboDifference
[95% CI]		ZELNORM
6 mg twice daily		PlaceboDifference
[95% CI]
*
A responder is defined as a patient with ≥ 2 of 4 weeks with complete or considerable relief or 4 of 4 weeks with at least somewhat relief during the last 4 available weeks.
†
Primary efficacy assessment.
176/244
(31%)		42/240
(17%)		14%
[6%,21%]		95/244
(39%)		66/240
(28%)		11%
[3%,20%]
2265/767
(35%)		164/752
(22%)		13%
[8%,17%]		334/767
(44%)		292/752
(39%)		5%
[0%,10%]
380/233
(34%)		47/234
(20%)		14%
[6%,22%]		100/233
(43%)		88/234
(38%)		5%
[-4%,14%]

In a subgroup of female patients less than 65 years of age (90%, 97%, and 91% of all female patients in Studies 1, 2 and 3, respectively), the treatment differences were generally similar at both month 1 and month 3 to the overall results shown in Table 3.

The same efficacy variable (i.e., complete relief, considerable relief, somewhat relief, unchanged, worse) was analyzed on a weekly basis. The proportion of all female patients with complete, considerable or somewhat relief at weeks 1, 4, 6, 8 and 12 are shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: Weekly Proportion of Patients with Somewhat, Considerably and Complete Relief in the Three Placebo-Controlled IBS-C Trials
Figure 1

In addition, individual symptoms of abdominal pain/discomfort and bloating were assessed daily using a six or seven point intensity scale. A positive response was defined as at least a 1-point reduction in the scale. During the first four weeks in the fixed dose trials, 8% to 11% more ZELNORM-treated patients than placebo-treated patients were responders for abdominal pain/discomfort. Similarly, 9% to 12% more ZELNORM-treated patients were responders for bloating. Corresponding differences at month 3 were 1% to 10% responders for abdominal pain/discomfort and 4% to 11% responders for bloating. Patients on ZELNORM also experienced an increase in median number of bowel movements from 3.8/week at baseline to 6.3/week at month 1 and 6.0/week at month 3, while placebo patients increased from 4.0/week to 5.1/week at month 1 and 5.5/week at month 3.

Results in Men

In two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials enrolling 288 males, efficacy response rates were similar between ZELNORM and placebo in the male subgroup [see Indications and Usage (1)].

17. Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).

Cardiovascular Ischemic Events, Including MACE

Inform patients that stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death have been reported in adults taking ZELNORM who had an increased risk of developing an adverse cardiovascular event based on their medical history. Advise patients to promptly seek medical attention if they develop symptoms of an MI, stroke, TIA, or angina. Also, advise patients to immediately inform their healthcare provider if they develop clinical or other evidence of cardiovascular ischemic heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) or other changes in their health status that could increase cardiovascular risk (e.g., smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia/, diabetes mellitus, obesity) while taking ZELNORM [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Ischemic Colitis

Advise patients to stop taking ZELNORM and seek medical attention if they develop symptoms of ischemic colitis, such as rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea or new or worsening abdominal pain [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Volume Depletion Associated with Diarrhea

Instruct patients to discontinue ZELNORM and contact their healthcare provider if they develop severe diarrhea, especially if they also experience symptoms of volume depletion (hypotension and/or syncope) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Suicidal Ideation and Behavior

Counsel patients, their caregivers, and their families that ZELNORM may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and advise them of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts of self-harm. Instruct patients, caregivers, and families that if any of these symptoms occur, they should immediately discontinue ZELNORM and report behaviors of concern to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Lactation

Advise a woman that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with ZELNORM [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].

Administration Information

Advise patients to take ZELNORM at least 30 minutes before a meal [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

Made in Germany

Distributed by:
US WorldMeds, LLC
Louisville, KY 40241

Under License from Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l

Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l is the exclusive licensee and US WorldMeds, LLC is the distributor of ZELNORM in the United States and Its territories. © 2019. ZELNORM is a trademark of Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l.

Medication Guide
ZELNORM™ (ZEL-norm)
(tegaserod) tablets, for oral use

What is the most important information I should know about ZELNORM?

ZELNORM can cause serious side effects, including:

  • Major heart (cardiovascular) events. Major cardiovascular events such as stroke, heart attack, and death from stroke or heart attack have happened in adults taking ZELNORM who had an increased risk of having a cardiovascular event.
    Risk factors that increase your risk of a major cardiovascular event include:
    • currently smoke
    • high blood pressure or your blood pressure is controlled with medicine that lowers your blood pressure
    • high blood cholesterol levels or your blood cholesterol levels are controlled with medicine that lowers your blood cholesterol levels
    • have or have had diabetes mellitus
    • age 55 years or older
    • obesity
    Talk to your healthcare provider about risk factors you may have for a major cardiovascular event before you start taking ZELNORM.
    Get emergency medical help right away if you have signs or symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, mini stroke (transient ischemic attack or TIA) or angina (chest pain that happens because your heart is not getting enough oxygen), including:
  • chest pain that may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach area (abdomen)
  • feeling sweaty
  • shortness of breath
  • feeling sick or vomiting
  • sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body
  • severe headache or confusion
  • problems with vision, speech, or balance
Tell your healthcare provider right away if you are told that you have narrowing in the blood vessels that carry blood to your heart (coronary artery disease).
  • Inflammation and injury of the intestines caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines (ischemic colitis). Ischemic colitis and other problems of the intestines caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines, that sometimes required hospitalization, have happened in some people taking ZELNORM. Stop taking ZELNORM and call your healthcare provider or get medical help if you have symptoms of ischemic colitis such as bleeding from your rectum, bloody diarrhea, or new or worsening stomach-area (abdominal) pain.
  • Loss of body fluids caused by diarrhea. Diarrhea is a common side effect of ZELNORM, and it can sometimes be severe. Severe diarrhea can result in the loss of too much fluid from your body, low blood pressure, and fainting (loss of consciousness). Some people who had severe diarrhea during treatment with ZELNORM were hospitalized due to loss of too much body fluid. Stop taking ZELNORM and call your healthcare provider right away if you have severe diarrhea, especially if you also feel lightheaded, dizzy, or you faint.
  • Suicidal thoughts and behavior. ZELNORM may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. You, your caregiver, and your family should monitor you for changes in behavior. If you have any new or worsening symptoms of depression, unusual changes in mood or behavior, begin to have suicidal thoughts or behavior, or thoughts of self-harm, stop taking ZELNORM right away and tell your healthcare provider.

What is ZELNORM?

ZELNORM is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of adult women less than 65 years of age who have irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

It is not known if ZELNORM is safe and effective in men with IBS-C.

It is not known if ZELNORM is safe and effective in children.

Do not take ZELNORM if you:

  • have had a heart attack, stroke, transient ischemic attack or TIA, or angina.
  • have had inflammation and injury of the intestines caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines (ischemic colitis).
  • have severe kidney problems or end-stage kidney disease.
  • have moderate or severe liver problems.
  • have had an intestinal blockage (bowel obstruction), gallbladder problems that caused symptoms, or scar tissue that formed between the tissues of the abdomen and other organs in the abdomen.
  • have or may have had a problem with the muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) to the first part of your intestine (sphincter of Oddi).
  • are allergic to tegaserod.

Before taking ZELNORM, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

  • currently smoke.
  • have or have had high blood pressure or are taking medicine to lower your blood pressure.
  • have or have had high blood cholesterol levels or are taking medicine to lower your blood cholesterol levels.
  • have or have had diabetes.
  • are having diarrhea or have diarrhea often.
  • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if ZELNORM will harm your unborn baby.
  • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if ZELNORM passes into your breast milk. You should not breastfeed if you take ZELNORM.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

How should I take ZELNORM?

  • Take ZELNORM exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it.
  • The usual dose of ZELNORM is 1 tablet 2 times each day, taken by mouth.
  • Take ZELNORM at least 30 minutes before a meal.
  • If you take too much ZELNORM, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.

What are the possible side effects of ZELNORM?

ZELNORM can cause serious side effects, including:

  • See "What is the most important information I should know about ZELNORM?"

The most common side effects of ZELNORM are:

  • headache
  • stomach-area (abdominal) pain
  • nausea
  • gas
  • indigestion
  • dizziness

These are not all the possible side effects of ZELNORM.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store ZELNORM?

  • Store ZELNORM at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
  • Protect ZELNORM from moisture.

Keep ZELNORM and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of ZELNORM.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use ZELNORM for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give ZELNORM to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about ZELNORM that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in ZELNORM?

Active ingredient: tegaserod

Inactive Ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, glyceryl behenate, hypromellose, and lactose monohydrate

Distributed by: US WorldMeds, LLC Louisville, KY 40241

Under License from Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l.

Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l. is the exclusive licensee and US WorldMeds, LLC is the distributor of ZELNORM in the United States and Its territories. ©2019. ZELNORM is a trademark of Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l.

For more information, call 1-855-697-9232.
ZELNORM
tegaserod tablet
Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC:27505-090
Route of AdministrationORAL
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
tegaserod (UNII: 458VC51857) (tegaserod - UNII:458VC51857) tegaserod6 mg
Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
CROSPOVIDONE (120 .MU.M) (UNII: 68401960MK)
GLYCERYL BEHENATE/EICOSADIOATE (UNII: 73CJJ317SR)
HYPROMELLOSE, UNSPECIFIED (UNII: 3NXW29V3WO)
lactose monohydrate (UNII: EWQ57Q8I5X)
SILICON DIOXIDE (UNII: ETJ7Z6XBU4)
Product Characteristics
ColorWHITE (whitish to slightly yellowish) Scoreno score
ShapeROUND (flat with beveled edge) Size7mm
FlavorImprint CodeZEL;6
Contains
Packaging
#Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
1NDC:27505-090-606 in 1 CARTON07/29/201908/31/2022
110 in 1 BLISTER PACK; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
NDANDA02120007/29/201908/31/2022
Labeler - US WorldMeds, LLC (087875626)
Registrant - Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l (480076470)
Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
Corden Pharma GmbH312576524MANUFACTURE(27505-090) , ANALYSIS(27505-090) , PACK(27505-090) , LABEL(27505-090)
Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
Novartis Pharma Produktions GmbH333288046API MANUFACTURE(27505-090) , ANALYSIS(27505-090)

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