Other names: ETD

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) occurs when there is a chronic blockage of the eustachian tube with ongoing symptoms of feeling of fullness of the ear, clicking or crackling sounds in the ear, hearing may become muffled and there may be ear pain or discomfort. 

The eustachian tube joins the middle ear to the back of the throat, normally it is closed and it opens when we chew, yawn or swallow.  The role of the eustachian tube is to keep the pressure within the middle ear the same as the pressure in the environment. When the eustachian tube is blocked negative pressure occurs within the middle ear, this can cause the eardrum to pull inwards which results in pain, pressure sensations and hearing loss. The eustachian tube also acts as a drain for mucus that is produced from the middle ear lining. A blockage can lead to fluid accumulation in the middle ear which adds to the pressure and hearing issues.

The cause of eustachian tube dysfunction can be irritation or inflammation in the area. Often this is due nasal allergies, the common cold or influenza, pollution or cigarette smoke.  These cause swelling of the eustachian tube and blockage of the passageway.  Infrequently, ETD can be due to local pressure on the tube causing a blockage for example pressure from nasal polyps or other structural abnormalities.

Treatment options for ETD are dependant on the cause.  If appropriate any allergies should be treated with antihistamines, nasal sprays, allergy desensitization or allergen avoidance.  Often decongestants are useful to help reduce swelling of the nasal tissue.  Further options for treatment can be sought through an otolaryngologist (Ears, Nose and Throat specialist, ENT).

Drugs used to treat Eustachian Tube Dysfunction