Drug Detail:Antivert (Meclizine [ mek-li-zeen ])
Drug Class: Anticholinergic antiemetics
Highlights of Prescribing Information
ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) tablets, for oral use
ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) chewable tablets, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 1957
Indications and Usage for Antivert
ANTIVERT® is indicated for the treatment of vertigo associated with diseases affecting the vestibular system in adults (1).
Antivert Dosage and Administration
• Recommended dosage: 25 mg to 100 mg daily, in divided doses (2.1).
• Tablets: Swallow whole (2.2).
• Chewable Tablets: Must be chewed or crushed before swallowing; do not swallow whole (2.2).
Dosage Forms and Strengths
• Tablets: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg (3).
• Chewable Tablets: 25 mg (3).
Contraindications
ANTIVERT® is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to meclizine or any of the inactive ingredients (4).
Warnings and Precautions
• May cause drowsiness: Use caution when driving a car or operating dangerous machinery (5.1).
• Potential anticholinergic action: this drug should be prescribed with care to patients with a history of asthma, glaucoma, or enlargement of the prostate gland (5.2).
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
Common adverse reactions are anaphylactic reaction, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, and vomiting. On rare occasions blurred vision has been reported (6).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Casper Pharma LLC at 1-844–5–CASPER (1-844-522-7737) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Drug Interactions
• Coadministration of ANTIVERT® with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may result in increased CNS depression (7.1).
• CYP2D6 inhibitors: As meclizine is metabolized by CYP2D6, there is a potential for drug-drug interactions between ANTIVERT® and CYP2D6 inhibitors (7.2).
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION.
Revised: 10/2022
Full Prescribing Information
1. Indications and Usage for Antivert
ANTIVERT® is indicated for the treatment of vertigo associated with diseases affecting the vestibular system in adults.
2. Antivert Dosage and Administration
3. Dosage Forms and Strengths
Tablets
• 12.5 mg: oval-shaped, biconvex, two-layered tablet, one blue to pale blue layer debossed with "34" and one white to off white layer debossed with "L".
• 25 mg: oval-shaped, biconvex, two-layered tablet, one yellow to pale yellow layer debossed with "49" and one white to off white layer debossed with "L".
• 50 mg: oval-shaped, biconvex, two-layered tablet, one blue to pale blue layer debossed with "50" and one yellow to pale yellow layer and debossed with "L".
Chewable Tablets
• 25 mg: pink colored round tablets debossed with "M 25" on one side and break line on other side.
4. Contraindications
ANTIVERT® is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to meclizine or any of the inactive ingredients [see Adverse Reactions (6) and Description (11)].
5. Warnings and Precautions
6. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of ANTIVERT® were identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Anaphylactic reaction, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, and vomiting. On rare occasions blurred vision has been reported.
7. Drug Interactions
8. Use In Specific Populations
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Data from epidemiological studies have not generally indicated a drug-associated risk of major birth defects with meclizine during pregnancy. However, in a published study, an increased incidence of fetal malformations was observed following oral administration of meclizine to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis, at doses similar to those used clinically.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown.
Data
Human Data
Epidemiological studies reporting on pregnancies exposed to meclizine have not identified an association between the use of meclizine during pregnancy and an increased risk of major birth defects.
Animal Data
In a published study, oral administration of meclizine (25-250 mg/kg) to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in a high incidence of fetal malformations. These effects occurred at doses as low as 25 mg/kg, which is approximately 2 times the maximum recommended human dose (100 mg) on a body surface area (mg/m2) basis.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of meclizine in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for ANTIVERT® and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from ANTIVERT® or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.5 Geriatric Use
In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
8.6 Hepatic Impairment
The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of meclizine has not been evaluated. As ANTIVERT® undergoes metabolism, hepatic impairment may result in increased systemic exposure of meclizine. Treatment with ANTIVERT® should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.
8.7 Renal Impairment
The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of meclizine has not been evaluated. Because of a potential for drug/metabolite accumulation, ANTIVERT® should be administered with caution in patients with renal impairment and in the elderly, as renal function generally declines with age.
8.8 Genetic CYP2D6 Polymorphism
The genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 that results in poor-, intermediate-, extensive-, and ultrarapid metabolizer phenotypes could contribute to large inter-individual variability in meclizine exposure. Therefore, when ANTIVERT® is administered to patients with CYP2D6 polymorphism, monitor for adverse reactions and clinical effect accordingly.
11. Antivert Description
ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl), a histamine (H1) receptor antagonist, is a white or slightly yellowish, crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula:
Chemically, ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) is 1-(p-chloro-α-phenylbenzyl)-4-(m-methylbenzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride monohydrate.
Tablets
Inactive ingredients for the tablets are: corn starch; dibasic calcium phosphate; magnesium stearate; polyethylene glycol; sucrose. The 12.5 mg tablets also contain: FD&C Blue # 1. The 25 mg tablets also contain: FD&C Yellow # 6 and D&C Yellow # 10. The 50 mg tablets also contain: FD&C Blue # 1, FD&C Yellow # 6 and D&C Yellow # 10.
Each ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) 12.5 mg tablet contains 12.5 mg of meclizine dihydrochloride equivalent to 10.53 mg of meclizine free base.
Each ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) 25 mg tablet contains 25 mg of meclizine dihydrochloride equivalent to 21.07 mg of meclizine free base.
Each ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) 50 mg tablet contains 50 mg of meclizine dihydrochloride equivalent to 42.14 mg of meclizine free base.
Chewable Tablets
Inactive ingredients for the chewable tablets are: corn starch, colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C Red # 40, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, raspberry flavor, saccharin sodium, and talc.
Each ANTIVERT® (meclizine HCl) 25 mg chewable tablet contains 25 mg of meclizine dihydrochloride equivalent to 21.07 mg of meclizine free base.
12. Antivert - Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
The precise mechanism by which meclizine exerts its therapeutic effect is unknown but is presumed to involve antagonism of the histamine H1 receptor.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
The available pharmacokinetic information for meclizine following oral administration has been summarized from published literature.
Absorption
Meclizine is absorbed after oral administration with maximum plasma concentrations reaching at a median Tmax value of 3 hours post-dose (range: 1.5 to 6 hours) for the tablet dosage form.
Distribution
Drug distribution characteristics for meclizine in humans are unknown.
Elimination
Meclizine has a plasma elimination half-life of about 5-6 hours in humans.
Metabolism
In an in vitro metabolic study using human hepatic microsome and recombinant CYP enzyme, CYP2D6 was found to be the dominant enzyme for metabolism of meclizine.
13. Nonclinical Toxicology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenesis
Animal studies to assess the carcinogenic potential of meclizine have not been conducted.
Mutagenesis
Genetic toxicology studies of meclizine have not been conducted.
Impairment of Fertility
Animal studies to assess the effects of meclizine on fertility and early embryonic development have not been conducted.
16. How is Antivert supplied
16.1 How Supplied
Tablets
Antivert® 12.5 mg tablets are oval shaped, biconvex, two-layered tablet, one blue to pale blue layer debossed with "34" and one white to off white layer debossed with "L".
Bottles of 100 NDC 70199-002-01
Bottles of 500 NDC 70199-002-05
Antivert® 25 mg tablets are oval shaped, biconvex, two-layered tablet, one yellow to pale yellow layer debossed with "49" and one white to off white layer debossed with "L".
Bottles of 100 NDC 70199-003-01
Bottles of 1000 NDC 70199-003-99
Antivert® 50 mg tablets are oval shaped, biconvex, two-layered tablet, one blue to pale blue layer debossed with "50" and one yellow to pale yellow layer and debossed with "L".
Bottles of 100 NDC 70199-004-01
Bottles of 1000 NDC 70199-004-99
Chewable Tablets
Antivert® 25 mg chewable tablets are pink colored round tablets debossed with "M 25" on one side and break line on other side.
Bottles of 100 NDC 70199-018-01
17. Patient Counseling Information
Administration Instructions
Advise patients that the tablets must be swallowed whole, but chewable tablets must be chewed or crushed completely before swallowing [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Adverse Reactions
Advise patients that ANTIVERT® may cause anaphylactic reaction, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, vomiting and, on rare occasions, blurred vision [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Adverse Reactions (6)].
Inform patients that ANTIVERT® may impair their ability to engage in potentially dangerous activities, such as operating machinery or vehicles.
Concomitant Drug Interactions
Advise patients regarding medications that should not be taken in combination with ANTIVERT® or that may necessitate increased monitoring [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)]. Inform patients that alcohol may increase adverse reactions.
Concurrent Medical Conditions
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider about all of their medical conditions, including if they are pregnant or plan to become pregnant or if they are breastfeeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.2)].
PIB00499-08
Manufactured for:
Casper Pharma LLC
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
Revised: 07/2019
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
NDC 70199-002-01
Antivert®(meclizine HCl) 12.5 mg Tablets USP
12.5 mg
Rx Only
Container Label
NDC 70199-003-01
Antivert®(meclizine HCl) 25 mg Tablets USP
25 mg
Rx Only
Container Label
NDC 70199-004-01
Antivert®(meclizine HCl) 50 mg Tablets USP
50 mg
Rx Only
Container Label
NDC 70199-018-01
Antivert®(meclizine HCl) 25 mg Chewable Tablets USP
25 mg
Rx Only
Container Label
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| ANTIVERT
meclizine hcl tablet, chewable |
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| Labeler - Casper Pharma LLC (080025838) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aurobindo Pharma Limited | 650381903 | ANALYSIS(70199-002, 70199-003, 70199-004, 70199-018) , MANUFACTURE(70199-002, 70199-003, 70199-004, 70199-018) | |
