Mutamycin Description

Mitomycin (also known as mitomycin and/or mitomycin-C) is an antibiotic isolated from the broth of Streptomyces caespitosus which has been shown to have antitumor activity. The compound is heat stable, has a high melting point, and is freely soluble in organic solvents.

MUTAMYCIN ® (Mitomycin) for Injection is a sterile dry mixture of mitomycin and mannitol, which when reconstituted with Sterile Water for Injection provides a solution for intravenous administration. Each vial contains either mitomycin 5 mg and mannitol 10 mg, or mitomycin 20 mg and mannitol 40 mg, or mitomycin 40 mg and mannitol 80 mg. Each mL of reconstituted solution will contain 0.5 mg mitomycin and have a pH between 6.0 and 8.0.

Mitomycin is a blue-violet crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C 15H 18N 4O 5, and a molecular weight of 334.33. Its chemical name is 7-amino-9α-methoxymitosane and it has the following structural formula;

Mutamycin - Clinical Pharmacology

Mitomycin selectively inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The guanine and cytosine content correlates with the degree of mitomycin-induced cross-linking. At high concentrations of the drug, cellular RNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed.

In humans, mitomycin is rapidly cleared from the serum after intravenous administration. Time required to reduce the serum concentration by 50% after a 30 mg bolus injection is 17 minutes. After injection of 30 mg, 20 mg, or 10 mg I.V., the maximal serum concentrations were 2.4 mcg/mL, 1.7 mcg/mL, and 0.52 mcg/mL, respectively. Clearance is effected primarily by metabolism in the liver, but metabolism occurs in other tissues as well. The rate of clearance is inversely proportional to the maximal serum concentration because, it is thought, of saturation of the degradative pathways.

Approximately 10% of a dose of mitomycin is excreted unchanged in the urine. Since metabolic pathways are saturated at relatively low doses, the percent of a dose excreted in urine increases with increasing dose. In children, excretion of intravenously administered mitomycin is similar.

Indications and Usage for Mutamycin

MUTAMYCIN ® (Mitomycin) for Injection is not recommended as single-agent, primary therapy. It has been shown to be useful in the therapy of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas in proven combinations with other approved chemotherapeutic agents and as palliative treatment when other modalities have failed. Mitomycin is not recommended to replace appropriate surgery and/or radiotherapy.

Contraindications

Mitomycin is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated a hypersensitive or idiosyncratic reaction to it in the past.

Mitomycin is contraindicated in patients with thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorder, or an increase in bleeding tendency due to other causes.

Warnings

Patients being treated with mitomycin must be observed carefully and frequently during and after therapy.

The use of mitomycin results in a high incidence of bone marrow suppression, particularly thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Therefore, the following studies should be obtained repeatedly during therapy and for at least eight weeks following therapy: platelet count, white blood cell count, differential, and hemoglobin. The occurrence of a platelet count below 100,000/mm 3 or a WBC below 4,000/mm 3 or a progressive decline in either is an indication to withhold further therapy until blood counts have recovered above these levels.

Patients should be advised of the potential toxicity of this drug, particularly bone marrow suppression. Deaths have been reported due to septicemia as a result of leukopenia due to the drug.

Patients receiving mitomycin should be observed for evidence of renal toxicity. Mitomycin should not be given to patients with a serum creatinine greater than 1.7 mg percent.

Precautions

Acute shortness of breath and severe bronchospasm have been reported following the administration of vinca alkaloids in patients who had previously or simultaneously received mitomycin. The onset of this acute respiratory distress occurred within minutes to hours after the vinca alkaloid injection. The total number of doses for each drug has varied considerably. Bronchodilators, steroids and/or oxygen have produced symptomatic relief.

A few cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome have been reported in patients receiving mitomycin in combination with other chemotherapy and maintained at FlO 2 concentrations greater than 50% perioperatively. Therefore, caution should be exercised using only enough oxygen to provide adequate arterial saturation since oxygen itself is toxic to the lungs. Careful attention should be paid to fluid balance and overhydration should be avoided.

Bladder fibrosis/contraction has been reported with intravesical administration (not an approved route of administration), which in rare cases has required cystectomy.

Geriatric Use

Insufficient data from clinical studies of mitomycin are available for patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients. Postmarketing surveillance suggests that elderly patients may be more susceptible than younger patients to injection site reactions (see ADVERSE REACTIONS: Integument and Mucous Membrane Toxicity) and hypersensitivity reactions. In general, caution should be exercised when prescribing to elderly patients, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Adverse Reactions/Side Effects

Mutamycin Dosage and Administration

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

Mitomycin should be given intravenously only, using care to avoid extravasation of the compound. If extravasation occurs, cellulitis, ulceration, and slough may result.

Each vial contains either mitomycin 5 mg and mannitol 10 mg, mitomycin, 20 mg and mannitol 40 mg or mitomycin 40 mg and mannitol 80 mg. To administer, add Sterile Water for Injection, 10 mL, 40 mL or 80 mL respectively. Shake to dissolve. If product does not dissolve immediately, allow to stand at room temperature until solution is obtained.

After full hematological recovery (see guide to dosage adjustment) from any previous chemotherapy, the following dosage schedule may be used at 6 to 8 week intervals:

20 mg/m 2 intravenously as a single dose via a functioning intravenous catheter.

Because of cumulative myelosuppression, patients should be fully reevaluated after each course of mitomycin, and the dose reduced if the patient has experienced any toxicities. Doses greater than 20 mg/m 2 have not been shown to be more effective, and are more toxic than lower doses.

The following schedule is suggested as a guide to dosage adjustment:

No repeat dosage should be given until leukocyte count has returned to 4000/mm 3 and a platelet count to 100,000/mm 3. When mitomycin is used in combination with other myelosuppressive agents, the doses should be adjusted accordingly. If the disease continues to progress after two courses of mitomycin, the drug should be stopped since chances of response are minimal.

How is Mutamycin supplied

MUTAMYCIN ® (Mitomycin) for Injection USP

NDC 69448-001-05—Each amber vial contains 5 mg mitomycin, individually packed in single carton.

NDC 69448-002-11—Each amber vial contains 20 mg mitomycin, individually packed in single carton.

NDC 69448-003-38—Each amber vial contains 40 mg mitomycin, individually packed in single carton.

Storage: Store dry powder at 25°C, excursion permitted between 15°C and 30°C, protected from light. Avoid excessive heat, over 40 °C (104° F). Protect reconstituted solution from light. Store solution under refrigeration 2° to 8 °C (36° to 46°F), discard after 14 days. If unrefrigerated, discard after 7 days.

References

1. ONS Clinical Practice Committee. Cancer Chemotherapy Guidelines and Recommendations for Practice Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society; 1999:32-41.
2. Recommendations for the safe handling of parenteral antineoplastic drugs. Washington, DC: Division of Safety, National Institutes of Health; 1983. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service publication NIH 83-2621.
3. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs. Guidelines for handling parenteral antineoplastics. JAMA. 1985;253:1590-1591.
4. National Study Commission on Cytotoxic Exposure. – Recommendations for handling cytotoxic agents. 1987. Available from Louis P. Jeffrey, Chairman, National Study Commission on Cytotoxic Exposure. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
5. Clinical Oncological Society of Australia. Guidelines and recommendations for safe handling of antineoplastic agents. Med J Australia. 1983;1:426-428.
6. Jones RB, Frank R, Mass T. Safe handling of chemotherapeutic agents: a report from the Mount Sinai Medical Center. CA-A Cancer J for Clin. 1983;33:258-263.
7. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. ASHP technical assistance bulletin on handling cytotoxic and hazardous drugs. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990;47:1033-1049.
8. Controlling Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Drugs. (OSHA Work-Practice Guidelines.). Am J Health SystPharm. 1996;53:1669-1685.

Manufactured for :

Accord BioPharma Inc.

1009 Slater Road, Suite 210-B,

Durham, NC 27703. USA

Manufactured by :

Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited,

Ahmedabad – 380 009, India.

10 0823 0 668295

Issued - September, 2016

Carton Label-MUTAMYCIN ® (Mitomycin) for injection USP 40 mg/vial

NDC 69448- 003-38

MUTAMYCIN ®
(Mitomycin) For Injection USP
40 mg

Rx only

WARNING:
MUST BE ADMINISTERED IV TO AVOID
TISSUE DAMAGE

Carton Label-MUTAMYCIN ® (Mitomycin) for injection USP 20 mg/vial

NDC 69448- 002-11

MUTAMYCIN ®
(Mitomycin) For Injection USP
20 mg

Rx only

WARNING:
MUST BE ADMINISTERED IV TO AVOID
TISSUE DAMAGE

Carton Label-MUTAMYCIN ® (Mitomycin) for injection USP 5 mg/vial

NDC 69448- 001-05

MUTAMYCIN ®
(Mitomycin) For Injection USP
5 mg

Rx only

WARNING:
MUST BE ADMINISTERED IV TO AVOID
TISSUE DAMAGE