Mental health: Low-calorie diets may increase depression

Evan Walker
Evan Walker TheMediTary.Com |
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Low-calorie diets may impact mental health, especially in men, a new study has found. Image credit: Guille Faingold/Stocksy.
  • A new cross-sectional study led by researchers from Toronto, Canada examined how dieting may affect depression symptoms.
  • The researchers analyzed data from adult participants to determine whether certain types of diets can have negative implications for mental health.
  • Their findings showed that participants who restricted calories were more likely to have more depressive symptoms.

The majority of adults in the United States – more than 70% – are either overweight or have obesity, according to current guidelines. There are many ways people can attempt to lose weight, such as making changes to their diet or using medications.

One potential issue people trying to lose weight may come across is restricting calories or nutrient types too much.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggest cutting 500 to 1,000 calories per day to lose 1 to 2 pounds per week. They note that cutting out sugary drinks and making simple food substitutions can go a long way.

However, people often go extreme when they start trying to lose weight and severely restrict their calorie count. Others will even focus on eating only one food group such as with the carnivore diet.

While losing weight can be important for some, it is also vital to do it in a healthy manner. Extreme weight loss or dieting methods cause physical health issues, and there is also the potential they might cause mental health issues, which the researchers in the present study explored.

The study findings appear in BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health.

Amy Roethler, RDN, LD, a dietitian and nutritionist for Newport Healthcare’s PrairieCare program, who was not involved in this research, spoke about the study with Medical News Today.

“For many years, there has been suspicion that significant calorie restriction can lead to negative impacts on one’s mental health, specifically depressive symptoms,” Roethler said. ”This study certainly provides additional support to this theory.”

“In general, I find once individuals are able to make some changes to their eating habits, eating more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and lean proteins, they find they start to feel better, which often leads to sustained changes,” she added.

Roethler also said she recommends that primary care providers who are working with patients trying to lose weight who also have a history of depression refer their patients to registered dieticians for guidance.

Timothy Frie, MS, CNE, a neuronutritionist and nutritional psychology researcher, also shared his thoughts about the study — in which he was not involved — with MNT.

“The finding that calorie restriction is associated with increased depressive symptoms – especially in men and people with elevated BMI – highlights that mental Health consequences may arise when dietary changes are made without adequate support, monitoring, or nutrient sufficiency,” said Frie.

Frie explained that calorie restriction can sometimes lead to people cutting out foods that the body needs for mood regulation:

“Cutting calories or entire food groups leads to deficits in B vitamins (especially B12, B6, and folate), iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and complex carbohydrates — all essential for neurochemical processes that regulate mood and emotions.”

On this note, the study authors hope to research specific nutritional deficits that may occur with dieting and what impact those deficits have on depressive symptoms.

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