Drug Detail:Extina (Ketoconazole topical [ kee-toe-koe-na-zole ])
Drug Class: Topical antifungals
Highlights of Prescribing Information
EXTINA® (ketoconazole) foam, 2%
For topical use
Initial U.S. Approval: 1981
Indications and Usage for Extina
EXTINA® Foam is indicated for topical treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in immunocompetent patients 12 years of age and older (1).
Limitations of Use
Safety and efficacy of EXTINA Foam for treatment of fungal infections have not been established.
Extina Dosage and Administration
- •
- EXTINA Foam should be applied to the affected area(s) twice daily for four weeks (2).
- •
- EXTINA Foam is not for ophthalmic, oral, or intravaginal use (2).
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Foam: 2% ketoconazole in 50 g and 100 g containers (3).
Contraindications
None.
Warnings and Precautions
- •
- EXTINA Foam may result in contact sensitization, including photoallergenicity (5.1, 6.2).
- •
- The contents of EXTINA Foam are flammable. Avoid fire, flame, or smoking during and immediately following application. (5.2).
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
The most common adverse reactions observed in clinical studies (incidence > 1%) were application site burning and application site reaction (6.1).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 8/2018
Full Prescribing Information
1. Indications and Usage for Extina
EXTINA (ketoconazole) Foam, 2% is indicated for the topical treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in immunocompetent patients 12 years of age and older.
Limitations of Use
Safety and efficacy of EXTINA Foam for treatment of fungal infections have not been established.
2. Extina Dosage and Administration
EXTINA Foam should be applied to the affected area(s) twice daily for four weeks.
Hold the container upright, and dispense EXTINA Foam into the cap of the can or other cool surface in an amount sufficient to cover the affected area(s). Dispensing directly onto hands is not recommended, as the foam will begin to melt immediately upon contact with warm skin. Pick up small amounts of EXTINA Foam with the fingertips, and gently massage into the affected area(s) until the foam disappears. For hair-bearing areas, part the hair, so that EXTINA Foam may be applied directly to the skin (rather than on the hair).
Avoid contact with the eyes and other mucous membranes. EXTINA Foam is not for ophthalmic, oral or intravaginal use.
3. Dosage Forms and Strengths
EXTINA (ketoconazole) Foam, 2% contains 20 mg of ketoconazole, USP per gram, supplied in 50 g and 100 g containers.
5. Warnings and Precautions
5.1 Contact Sensitization
EXTINA Foam may result in contact sensitization, including photoallergenicity [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
5.2 Flammable Contents
The contents of EXTINA Foam include alcohol and propane/butane, which are flammable. Avoid fire, flame and/or smoking during and immediately following application. Do not puncture and/or incinerate the containers. Do not expose containers to heat and/or store at temperatures above 120°F (49°C).
5.3 Systemic Effects
Hepatitis has been seen with orally administered ketoconazole (1:10,000 reported incidence). Lowered testosterone and ACTH–induced corticosteroid serum levels have been seen with high doses of orally administered ketoconazole. These effects have not been seen with topical ketoconazole.
6. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug, and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does, however, provide a basis for identifying the adverse reactions that appear to be related to drug use and for approximating rates.
The safety data presented in Table 1 reflect exposure to EXTINA Foam in 672 subjects, 12 years and older with seborrheic dermatitis. Subjects applied EXTINA Foam or vehicle foam twice daily for 4 weeks to affected areas on the face, scalp, and/or chest. Adverse reactions occurring in > 1% of subjects are presented in Table 1.
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Adverse
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EXTINA Foam
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Vehicle Foam
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Subjects with an
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188 (28%) |
122 (25%) |
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Application site burning |
67 (10%) |
49 (10%) |
|
Application site reaction |
41 (6%) |
24 (5%) |
Application site reactions that were reported in < 1% of subjects were dryness, erythema, irritation, paresthesia, pruritus, rash and warmth.
6.2 Dermal Safety Studies
In a photoallergenicity study, 9 of 53 subjects (17%) had reactions during the challenge period at both the irradiated and non-irradiated sites treated with EXTINA Foam. EXTINA Foam may cause contact sensitization.
6.3 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse events have been identified during postmarketing use of EXTINA Foam:
Gastrointestinal disorders: Cheilitis
General disorders and administration site conditions: Application site pain and application site burn
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Skin burning sensation and erythema
Because these events are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
8. Use In Specific Populations
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no available data on EXTINA Foam use in pregnant women to identify a drug‑associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. No reproductive studies in animals have been performed with EXTINA Foam. In animal reproduction studies with pregnant mice, rats and rabbits both embryotoxic and developmental effects (structural abnormalities) were observed following oral dosing of ketoconazole during organogenesis. Assuming equivalent systemic absorption of topical and oral ketoconazole doses and an EXTINA Foam maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 8 grams (equivalent to 160 mg ketoconazole), embryotoxic effects were observed at 0.8 to 2.4 times the MRHD and developmental effects were observed at 4.8 times the MRHD [see Data].
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
The animal multiples of human exposure calculations are based on body surface area (BSA) comparisons of oral doses administered to animals and an EXTINA Foam maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 8 grams (equivalent to 2.67 mg ketoconazole/kg/day for a 60 kg individual or 98.8 mg ketoconazole/m2/day).
Embryofetal development studies have been conducted in mice, rats and rabbits with orally administered ketoconazole. When orally administered to mice on gestational days 6 through 18 (covering the period of organogenesis), ketoconazole was embryotoxic (25 mg/kg and higher; 0.8 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) with a high incidence of resorptions, increased number of stillbirths and delayed parturition. Delays in maturation were also observed. There was no evidence of maternal toxicity or malformations at up to 50 mg/kg (1.5 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons). No treatment related developmental effects were observed at 10 mg/kg (0.3 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons).
In the presence of maternal toxicity in rats, orally administered ketoconazole was both embryotoxic (40 mg/kg and higher; 2.4 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons), including increased resorbed fetuses and stillbirths, and teratogenic (80 mg/kg and higher; 4.8 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons), including syndactylia, oligodactylia, waved ribs and cleft palate. Additionally, 100 mg/kg (6 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) ketoconazole orally administered on a single day during gestation (gestational days 9 through 12) was embryotoxic (increased resorptions). This same oral dose given on gestation day 12, 13, 14 or 15 induced external malformations including cleft palate, micromelia and digital anomalies (brachydactyly, ectrodactyly, syndactyly).
In pregnant rabbits orally administered ketoconazole, evidence of embryotoxicity (increased resorptions) was observed at 10 mg/kg (1.2 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) and higher and an increased incidence of skeletal abnormalities was observed at 40 mg/kg (4.8 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons).
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There is no information available on the presence of ketoconazole in human milk, or the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production after topical application of EXTINA Foam to women who are breastfeeding. In animal studies ketoconazole was found in milk following oral administration. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for EXTINA Foam and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from EXTINA Foam or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
Infertility
In animal fertility studies in rats and dogs, administration of oral doses of ketoconazole between 3-day and 3-month periods resulted in infertility that was reversible [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
11. Extina Description
EXTINA Foam contains 2% ketoconazole USP, an antifungal agent, in a thermolabile hydroethanolic foam for topical application.
The chemical name for ketoconazole is piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) -2-(1H-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-, cis- with the molecular formula C26H28Cl2N4O4 and a molecular weight of 531.43. The following is the chemical structure:
EXTINA Foam contains 20 mg of ketoconazole per gram in a thermolabile hydroethanolic foam vehicle consisting of cetyl alcohol, citric acid, ethanol (denatured with tert-butyl alcohol and brucine sulfate) 58%, polysorbate 60, potassium citrate, propylene glycol, purified water, and stearyl alcohol pressurized with a hydrocarbon (propane/butane) propellant.
12. Extina - Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of ketoconazole in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis is not known.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
In a bioavailability study, 12 subjects with moderate to severe seborrheic dermatitis applied 3 g of EXTINA Foam twice daily for 4 weeks. Circulating plasma levels of ketoconazole were < 6 ng/mL for a majority of subjects (75%), with a maximum level of 11 ng/mL observed in one subject.
13. Nonclinical Toxicology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic or photo-carcinogenic potential of EXTINA Foam.
In oral carcinogenicity studies in mice (18-months) and rats (24-months) at dose levels of 5, 20 and 80 mg/kg/day ketoconazole was not carcinogenic. The high dose in these studies was approximately 2.4 to 4.8 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons. In a bacterial reverse mutation assay, ketoconazole did not express any mutagenic potential. In three in vivo assays (sister chromatid exchange in humans, dominant lethal and micronucleus tests in mice), ketoconazole did not exhibit any genotoxic potential.
In animal fertility studies, oral ketoconazole impaired both male and female fertility in rats in a dose and duration dependent manner. In females, oral doses up to 40 mg/kg (2.4 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) had no effect on fertility, while doses of 75 mg/kg (4.5 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) and higher decreased the pregnancy rate and number of implantation sites. In male rats, oral dosing at 200 mg/kg/day (12 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) for three days decreased fertility and 400 mg/kg/day (24 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) for three days resulted in a complete loss of fertility. When administered for longer durations (up to 3 months), decreased fertility in male rats was observed at doses as low as 24 mg/kg/day (1.4 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons). In male beagle dogs, an oral dose of 25 mg/kg/day ketoconazole for up to 4 weeks (5.2 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons) resulted in decreased sperm motility, decreased sperm count, increased abnormal sperm and atrophy of the testes. These effects were reversed subsequent to withdrawal of treatment.
14. Clinical Studies
The safety and efficacy of EXTINA Foam were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial in subjects 12 years and older with mild to severe seborrheic dermatitis. In the trial, 427 subjects received EXTINA Foam and 420 subjects received vehicle foam. Subjects applied EXTINA Foam or vehicle foam twice daily for 4 weeks to affected areas on the face, scalp, and/or chest. The overall disease severity in terms of erythema, scaling, and induration was assessed at Baseline and week 4 on a 5-point Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) scale.
Treatment success was defined as achieving a Week 4 (end of treatment) ISGA score of 0 (clear) or 1 (majority of lesions have individual scores for scaling, erythema, and induration that averages 1 [minimal or faint]) and at least two grades of improvement from baseline. The results are presented in Table 2. The database was not large enough to assess whether there were differences in effects in age, gender, or race subgroups.
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Number of Subjects |
EXTINA Foam
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Vehicle Foam
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Subjects Achieving |
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16. How is Extina supplied
EXTINA (ketoconazole) Foam, 2% contains 20 mg of ketoconazole, USP per gram. The thermolabile hydroethanolic foam is available as follows:
NDC 0378-8136-50
50 g aluminum can
NDC 0378-8136-01
100 g aluminum can
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Do not store under refrigerated conditions.
Contents are flammable. Do not expose containers to heat and/or store at temperatures above 49°C (120°F). Do not store in direct sunlight.
Contents under pressure. Do not puncture and/or incinerate container.
Keep out of reach of children.
17. Patient Counseling Information
See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Package Insert).
Instruct patients on a proper use of EXTINA Foam
- •
- Avoid fire, flame and/or smoking during and immediately following application.
- •
- Do not apply EXTINA Foam directly to hands. Dispense onto a cool surface, and apply to the affected areas using the fingertips.
- •
- Wash their hands after application
- •
- EXTINA Foam may cause skin irritation (application site burning and/or reactions)
- •
- Instruct a patient to contact a health care provider if the area of application shows signs of increased irritation and report any signs of adverse reactions.
PATIENT INFORMATION
|
EXTINA (ex-TEEN-ah) (ketoconazole) Foam, 2% |
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Important Information: EXTINA Foam is for use on the skin only. Do not use EXTINA Foam in your eyes, mouth or vagina. |
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What is EXTINA Foam? EXTINA Foam is a prescription medicine used on the skin (topical) to treat seborrheic dermatitis in people 12 years of age and older with a normal immune system. It is not known if EXTINA Foam is safe and effective when used to treat fungal infections. It is not known if EXTINA Foam is safe and effective in children less than 12 years of age. |
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Before using EXTINA Foam, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. |
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How should I use EXTINA Foam?
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What should I avoid while using EXTINA Foam?
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What are the possible side effects of EXTINA Foam? EXTINA Foam may cause serious side effects, including:
The most common side effects of EXTINA Foam include, burning, dryness, redness, irritation, numbness, itching, rash and warmth at the application site. These are not all of the possible side effects of EXTINA Foam. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. |
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How should I store EXTINA Foam?
Keep EXTINA Foam and all medicines out of the reach of children. |
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General information about the safe and effective use of EXTINA Foam. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use EXTINA Foam for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give EXTINA Foam to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about EXTINA Foam that is written for health professionals. |
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What are the ingredients in EXTINA Foam?
Active ingredient: ketoconazole Manufactured for: Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A. For more information, call Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or visit www.extina.com. |
This Patient Information leaflet has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Instructions for Use
EXTINA (ex-TEEN-ah)
(ketoconazole)
Foam, 2%
Important Information: EXTINA Foam is for use on the skin only. Do not use EXTINA Foam in your eyes, mouth or vagina.
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Step 1: Remove the clear cap from the EXTINA Foam can. |  |
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Step 2: Hold the can upright and firmly press the nozzle to dispense EXTINA Foam into the clear cap.
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Step 3: Pick up small amounts of EXTINA Foam with your fingertips and gently rub the foam into the affected area(s) until the foam disappears. |   |
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Step 4: Wash your hands after applying EXTINA Foam.
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How should I store EXTINA Foam?
- •
- Store EXTINA Foam at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- •
- Do not store the EXTINA Foam can in the refrigerator or freezer.
- •
- Keep EXTINA Foam away from heat. Never throw the can into a fire, even if the can is empty.
- •
- Do not store EXTINA Foam at temperatures above 120°F (49°C).
- •
- Do not break through (puncture) the EXTINA Foam can.
Keep EXTINA Foam and all medicines out of the reach of children.
This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
EXTINA is a registered trademark of Stiefel Laboratories, Inc., a GSK Company, exclusively licensed to the Mylan Companies.
©2018 Delcor Asset Corporation, a Mylan Company
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Manufactured by:
DPT Laboratories, Ltd.
San Antonio, TX 78215 U.S.A.
140985-0818
Revised 8/2018
DPT:KTCZFO:R2
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 2%
NDC 0378-8136-50
Extina®
(ketoconazole)
Foam, 2%
FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY
Rx only 50 g
NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC, ORAL,
OR INTRAVAGINAL USE.
Hold the can at an
upright angle and
then press firmly
to dispense.
Description: EXTINA® (ketoconazole)
Foam, 2% contains 20 mg of
ketoconazole, USP per gram in a
thermolabile hydroethanolic foam
vehicle consisting of cetyl alcohol,
citric acid, ethanol (denatured with
tert-butyl alcohol and brucine sulfate)
58%, polysorbate 60, potassium citrate,
propylene glycol, purified water,
stearyl alcohol pressurized with a
hydrocarbon (propane/butane)
propellant.
Usual Dosage: Use only as prescribed
by your physician. See accompanying
prescribing information.
Warning: FLAMMABLE. AVOID FIRE,
FLAME, OR SMOKING DURING AND
IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING
APPLICATION.
Contents under pressure. Do not puncture
and/or incinerate container. Do not
expose containers to heat and/or store
at temperatures above 120ºF (49ºC).
Do not store in direct sunlight.
Avoid contact with eyes. Keep this
and all medication out of the reach
of children.
Do not store in the refrigerator.
Store at 20º to 25ºC (68º to 77ºF).
[See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
CFC FREE
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Manufactured by:
DPT Laboratories, Ltd.
San Antonio, TX 78215 U.S.A.
For more information, call
Mylan at 1-877-446-3679
(1-877-4-INFO-RX)
or visit extina.com
117515-0118
DPT:8136:50:1C:R1
©2018 Delcor Asset Corporation,
a Mylan Company
Extina is a registered trademark of Stiefel
Laboratories, Inc., a GSK Company, exclusively
licensed to the Mylan Companies.
| EXTINA
ketoconazole aerosol, foam |
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| Labeler - Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. (059295980) |
